Prevalencia de leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.) en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)

Joselyn Elizabeth Pinos-Marroquin; Melina Nohelia Mejía-Franco; Gustavo Adolfo Campozano-Marcillo

doi:10.56124/allpa.v9i17.0143

Authors

Pinos-Marroquin Joselyn Elizabeth Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López. Calceta, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8771-483X
Mejía-Franco Melina Nohelia Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López. Calceta, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0216-2556
Campozano-Marcillo Gustavo Adolfo Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López. Calceta, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2856

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/allpa.v9i17.0143

Keywords:

Zoonosis, public health, leptospirosis, veterinary diagnosis, epidemiology

Abstract

The objective of this study was to conduct a narrative review of the prevalence of leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.) in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and its impact on animal health, considering its zoonotic relevance and public health implications. The methodology consisted of a structured documentary review of scientific articles and theses published between 2018 and 2024, retrieved from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and RedALyC. Eight studies meeting the inclusion criteria regarding prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and geographic distribution were selected. The employed design was a narrative review with a descriptive and analytical approach, allowing the systematization of findings and comparisons across different epidemiological and methodological contexts. The studies were conducted primarily in Latin America (Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico) and Asia (Malaysia), using serological techniques (MAT, immunochromatography) and molecular methods (PCR). Reported prevalences ranged from 1.7 % to 57.6 %, depending on the type of population, environmental conditions, and detection methods. The most relevant risk factors identified were contact with rodents, humid environments, and lack of vaccination. In conclusion, canine leptospirosis remains a significant global health concern, requiring integrated diagnostic strategies and a One Health approach that connects animal, human, and environmental health to ensure effective prevention and control.

Keywords: Zoonosis, public health, leptospirosis, veterinary diagnosis, epidemiology.

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