Revista de Ciencias Agropecuarias ALLPA. ISSN: 2600-5883.

Food study of three ages of perennial grasses (Panicum sp.) and (Brachiaria cv.) in animal production

Eric José Loor-Cevallos — 2025-01-09

Modern animal production relies heavily on the quality and availability of forage, with Panicum sp. and Brachiaria cv. being key species due to their adaptability and high nutritional value in tropical regions. These grasses are widely used in livestock systems because of their ability to withstand various climatic conditions and their contribution to animal performance. The bromatological composition of these forages, including crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, varies significantly with regrowth age. As the plants mature, crude protein content decreases while structural fiber levels increase, reducing forage digestibility and nutritional value, which negatively impacts feed efficiency in ruminants. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of implementing management strategies such as controlling regrowth time, fertilization, and rotational grazing to maximize the nutritional value of Panicum sp. and Brachiaria cv. Furthermore, their integration into sustainable livestock production systems can improve productivity and reduce environmental impacts. This analysis highlights the strategic role of these grasses in the sustainable intensification of tropical livestock systems, optimizing the use of natural resources and enhancing the resilience of productive systems.

Keywords: Animal production, forages, crude protein, microbiota.

Climate change threatens rural food security in Daule canton

Yoel López-Gamboa — 2025-01-09

Climate change represents a significant threat to food security in rural areas, where phenomena such as droughts and floods directly affect agricultural production. This study aims to analyze the scientific evidence on climate change impacts on rural food security in Daule canton, where rice, banana, corn, and cocoa production constitutes the main source of income. Methodologically, a systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar, analyzing publications addressing the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security. The results were organized into three main thematic areas: food security (33.33%), climate change (33.33%), and impacts on agriculture (33.33%). The discussion reveals that climate change affects agriculture through extreme events, altering crop yields, favoring the proliferation of pests and diseases, and reducing water availability for irrigation. It is concluded that Daule canton faces significant challenges due to its dependence on agriculture, requiring the implementation of adaptation strategies that include sustainable agricultural practices, crop diversification, and strengthening the response capacity of rural communities to climate change impacts.

Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable agriculture, Rural food security.

Bromatological value of Mucuna pruriens Georgina velvet and Canavalia ensiformis. Effect on productive parameters

Nathaly Vanessa Chasi-Brito — 2025-01-09

This article addresses the bromatological composition of two herbaceous legumes, Mucuna pruriens Georgina Velvet and Canavalia ensiformis, in the context of their application in animal production. The aim is to analyze the levels of proteins, fiber, energy, and minerals in these species and their impact on animal production. A bibliographical review of recent studies (2019-2024) employing various bromatological methods such as proximate analysis, calorimetry, and chromatography techniques to determine nutritional composition was conducted. The benefits and limitations of these legumes in the diet in ruminants and monogastric animals were discussed, as well as the effects of the present antinutrients, in both legumes such as lectins, phytates and tannins, and their influence on digestibility. The main results indicate that both species have a high content of vegetable proteins,fiber and carbohydrates, which improve feed efficiency, weight gain, and milk production in ruminants. However, the need to properly process these legumes to reduce antinutrients was observed. It is concluded that these seeds present significant potential to improve animal productivity, although proper management of their antinutritional compounds is required to maximize their benefits.

Keywords: Bromatology, Antinutrients, Animal nutrition, Crude protein, Metabolizable energy.

Silage of Zea mays: A nutritional alternative in dairy cattle production

Daniel Eduardo Bermúdez-Ramírez — 2025-01-09

The silage of Zea mays is a key strategy for preserving high-quality feed and ensuring its availability during times of scarcity. This process, based on controlled anaerobic fermentation, helps maintain the nutritional properties of corn, a fundamental crop in tropical regions due to its high energy yield and versatility in cattle feeding. The objective of this bibliographic review was to analyze the impact of corn silage on dairy production, highlighting its contribution to productivity and profitability in scenarios of forage shortage. Among the most relevant findings, it was observed that silage improves milk production due to its high digestibility and energy content. Studies have reported significant increases in milk yield, feed efficiency, and body condition in cows supplemented with this feed, especially during the dry season when other forages are less accessible. This resource represents an effective nutritional alternative to optimize the quality and availability of feed during critical periods. Its implementation not only enhances economic and productive sustainability but also reduces dependency on external inputs. However, its effectiveness is closely tied to proper management and the integration of complementary strategies adapted to changing climatic conditions.

Keywords: Silage, lactose, profitability, digestibility, fatty acids.

Comparison of substrates for the rooting of avocado cutting (Persea americana Miller). Phases I

Anicia Pardo-Lazo — 2025-01-09

The substrate is the means in that the roots emerge during the rooting of cutting. The objective of this work it is to compare the visible beginning of the rooting of cutting of avocada in solid and liquid substrate. It was worked with four treatments: solid substrate of zeolite, with etiolation of cutting and without etiolation of cutting and liquid substrate of water, with constant oxygenation and constant circulation. In the fifth week after initiate the treatments was evaluated the state of the cutting, the activity of the yolks, also the progress and the intensity of rooting. The state gives the esqueje it was similar in all the treatments, the yolks presented a bigger activity in solid substrate, the rooting showed bigger progress and intensity in liquid substrate, especially with the constant circulating of water. Was concluded that the liquid substrate favors the phase I of rooting in cutting of avocado.

Keywords: avocado, etiolation, rooting, substrate.

Integrated management of Diaphania hyalinata L. in cucumber crop (Cucumis sativus L.)

Alejandro Raúl González-Cruz — 2025-01-09

Agroecology is an alternative model that seeks to solve the problems of agricultural production in a sustainable way by guaranteeing future development, taking into account the economic, social and environmental dimensions, through the use whenever possible of methods: cultural, biological and mechanical. Among the procedures is the use of pesticides that excessively favor the appearance of pest outbreaks, for this reason it is necessary to prepare a proposal for Integrated Pest Management in cucumber cultivation, in Diaphania hyalinata L. It is the main organism harmful to cucumber, by designing a strategy with the objective of preventing the appearance, increase or proliferation of populations and at the same time minimizing the use of chemicals that genetically modify these organisms, reducing enemy populations. natural ones found in the crop. With the application of integrated management, we seek to increase the applications of biological products compatible with the environment.

Keywords: Control, natural enemies, pests, biological products.

Influence of biofertilization on the performance of peas (Pisum sativum) of indeterminate growth var. San Isidro

Marco Oswaldo Pérez-Salinas — 2025-01-09

The effect of the use of different doses of biofertilizers and their combination with levels of fertilization on pea yield (Pisum sativum) was evaluated, a control without treatments was performed. The research was carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, province of Tungurahua - Ecuador at an altitude of 2,875 meters, at 01º 22 '07 "South latitude and 78º 36' 24" West longitude (GPS,. Plant growth, pod weight and yield were evaluated. The assay was conducted in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of 3 x 3 + 1, with three replicates. The highest growth was achieved with the treatment 1.5 ml L^-1 of biofertilizer + 221-0-0 fertilizer units (UF) (D3N1) with 1.67 m, The highest average pod weight in the three harvests was reached with the treatment 1.5 ml L^-1 + 404-62-0 UF (D3N3) with 1.80 g and the highest recorded yield was obtained with the treatment 1.5 ml L^-1 + 404-62-0 UF (D3N3) with 8719.8 kg ha^-1, sharing the range with the treatment 1.5 ml L^-1 + 312-20 -0 UF (D3N2) with 8181.2 kg ha^-1 but with less UF used, which also turns out to be a good production alternative with less UF used.

Keywords: Pisum sativum, biofertilizer, growth, microorganisms.

Analysis of the types of vegetables that can be grown in culinary organic gardens in La Mana City

Mayra Janneth Centeno-Satán — 2025-01-09

The application of a culinary ecological garden arises from the main need to offer a diversity of easily accessible products for human consumption and, at the same time promote theoretical and practical learning that enhances the skills of a more sustainable food system. The diverse production of crops within a culinary ecological garden provides balance to the environment, so it is necessary to begin an analysis of the type of vegetables that can be adapted to the garden to be implemented on Campus 2 of the Gastronomy Technology Higher Career. Through a bibliographical methodology, identified information about the characteristics of vegetables adaptable to this type of climate, with the application of a survey aimed at students and teachers of the Gastronomy Career allowed to determine that the main benefit of implementing a garden is to improve the diet of the focus group and promote the consumption of local products; finally concluding that the vegetables suitable for the culinary ecological garden will be tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, and chives, which will be used in prepare diversity culinary practices during professional training.

Keywords: Garden, feeding, green vegetables, farming.

Food security: a challenge for rural primary care by nursing

Yoel López-Gamboa — 2025-01-09

Food security constitutes a fundamental challenge for primary care in rural areas, where factors such as poverty, climate change, and limited access to resources significantly impact community health. This study aims to analyze how food security constitutes a challenge for rural primary care nursing, within the framework of the project "Nursing Care from Research to Groups at Risk" in La Sabanilla Precinct, Daule Canton, and Samborondón Canton, Guayas Province. Methodologically, a qualitative documentary research was conducted, analyzing scientific literature on food security, rural primary care, and the role of nursing. The results show that food insecurity in rural areas is determined by multiple factors, including unstable family income, limited access to productive resources, and effects of climate change. It was identified that malnutrition and chronic non-communicable diseases are direct consequences of food insecurity, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups. The discussion highlights the crucial role of nursing in promoting food security through interventions such as nutritional education, health promotion, and linkage with community resources. It is concluded that a comprehensive approach is essential to strengthen family farming, promote sustainable practices, and empower rural communities, where nursing staff acts as a key agent in implementing strategies to ensure food security and community well-being.

Keywords: Food security, Primary health care, Nursing interventions.

Use of by-products as substrates for the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria

Yelitza Macias-Carranza — 2025-01-09

Agro-industrial processes generate by-products that lead to environmental problems. These materials could be used as substrates for the development of microorganisms of interest. In the present work, the use of by-products of rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum spp.), fava bean (Vicia faba) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) as substrates for the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria was studied, together with the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus mutans. The materials were inoculated with L. acidophilus and Bifibobacteria and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The results showed that the growth of L. acidophilus was greater in rice, wheat, broad bean and tree tomato substrates incubated at 37 °C, with 6.7x10⁶ CFU/mL at 24 h of incubation, while for Bifidobacteria, the best substrate was tree tomato with 5.1x10⁶ CFU/mL after 24 h. The inhibitory effect of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacteria was greater against Salmonella spp. when the LAB were developed in tree tomato and wheat-fava bean substrates, in both cases with inhibition zones of 12.22 mm.

Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, residues, inhibition, S. mutans, Salmonella.

Effects of Salmonella spp. on laying hens: A review

Jennifer Dariana Madrid-Alcívar — 2025-01-09

The objective of this study is to review from a bibliographical point of view the effects of Salmonella spp on laying hens, addressing its impact on avian health, egg quality and production, and the economic and public health repercussions. Salmonella is a bacteria of importance and zoosanitary surveillance, since it directly affects the productivity of laying hens through systemic infections and damage to their intestinal health, decreasing egg quality and increasing mortality rates, predisposing factors such as vertical transmission. and horizontal, stress from intense production and immunosuppressive diseases surely aggravate the problem. As a methodology, a methodological approach was used for the literature review based on an exhaustive search to identify relevant studies on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. The results show that the serovars S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium are the most frequent in laying hens, which poses a serious food safety problem due to contamination of both the exterior and interior of the eggs. It is concluded that this problem also corresponds to risks of Salmonellosis in humans and enormous economic losses for the poultry industry in terms of reduction in production, control costs and imposed regulatory sanctions, therefore, the proper management of Salmonella spp requires the application of comprehensive biosecurity strategies, control programs and preventive measures on farms.

Keywords: Prevalence, public health, zoonosis, poultry industry.

Agrolearning as an educational approach for the development of skills in agrotourism and environmental conservation

Argenis de Jesús Montilla-Pacheco — 2025-01-09

The research was carried out with 30 students of the Tourism career of the Eloy Alfaro Lay University of Manabí, aimed to know their perception about agrolearning as an educational approach for the development of skills in agrotourism and environmental conservation. A quantitative methodology was used that included an online survey. The results showed that 90% of them considered this type of learning as a favorable alternative to promote more sustainable agrotourism, by integrating responsible agricultural practices with nature. The majority of students, or 88%, highlighted the importance of acquiring skills related to the sustainable management of natural resources, especially in agrotourism activities that promote environmental conservation. In addition, 80% stated that this type of learning contributes to a comprehensive education, since it allows combining theoretical knowledge with practical experiences. In conclusion, the aforementioned learning modality is perceived as a valuable educational strategy that enhances the development of skills both in the field of tourism and in environmental management. The students suggest that its inclusion in the academic curriculum of Tourism is capable of significantly improving the training of future professionals committed to agriculture, sustainable tourism and environmental protection.

Keywords: agrolearning, conservation, skills, sustainability, tourism.