Resistencia Antibiótica en Bioaerosoles Asociados a Lagunas de Oxidación

Luis Basurto; Joy Macias; Carlos Banchón

doi:10.56124/yaku.v8i14.001

Autores/as

Luis Basurto Escuela Superior Politecnica Agropecuaria de Manabí ‘‘Manuel Felix Lopez’’. Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental. Ecuador.
Joy Macias Escuela Superior Politecnica Agropecuaria de Manabí ‘‘Manuel Felix Lopez’’. Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental. Ecuador.
Carlos Banchón Escuela Superior Politecnica Agropecuaria de Manabí ‘‘Manuel Felix Lopez’’. Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental. Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/yaku.v8i14.001

Palabras clave:

bioaerosoles, aguas residuales, resistencia antibiótica, azitromicina, tetraciclina, lagunas de oxidación

Resumen

Se evaluó la relación entre los bioaerosoles generados en la laguna de oxidación de Calceta y la presencia de bacterias resistentes a altas concentraciones de azitromicina y tetraciclina. Se recolectaron muestras de bioaerosoles dentro y fuera de la laguna, hasta una distancia de 0.5 km, utilizando cajas Petri con Agar Nutritivo y dosis de antibióticos de 75 y 150 mg/L. Los resultados mostraron que los valores más altos de UFC se registraron en los testigos, mientras que los tratamientos con antibióticos redujeron significativamente el conteo bacteriano de manera dosis-dependiente, con las dosis altas (150 mg/L) siendo más efectivas al reducir las UFC a solo 2 colonias. Además, los bioaerosoles muestreados a mayor distancia de la fuente de agua residual y expuestos a antibióticos presentaron una disminución notable en la presencia de bacterias. Las dosis altas (150 mg/L) fueron más efectivas, reduciendo los conteos a niveles casi nulos, mientras que las dosis bajas (75 mg/L) resultaron menos eficaces. El análisis microbiológico identificó estafilococos Gram-positivos resistentes a antibióticos, destacando la adaptabilidad de los microorganismos a altas concentraciones de estos compuestos. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de estrategias para mitigar la contaminación por antibióticos, como el tratamiento avanzado de aguas residuales y el monitoreo continuo de bacterias resistentes. Además, se resalta la importancia de investigaciones en Ecuador, dada la escasa evaluación de bioaerosoles en

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