Eficacia de los mecanismos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos para refugiados

Abner Arturo  Bello -Navarro; Juan Carlos  Morales-Intriago

doi:10.56124/aula24.v1i3-25.007

Autores/as

Abner Arturo Bello -Navarro Universidad Técnica de Manabí https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7928-0928
Juan Carlos Morales-Intriago Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-8735

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/aula24.v1i3-25.007

Palabras clave:

Derechos humanos, Refugiados, Protección internacional, Política migratoria, Integración social

Resumen

Las crisis humanitarias contemporáneas han ampliado el número de personas obligadas a desplazarse, lo que plantea desafíos significativos para los sistemas internacionales de protección de derechos humanos. En este contexto, el estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la efectividad de los mecanismos internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos en situaciones de crisis humanitaria desde la perspectiva de los refugiados en la ciudad de Portoviejo. Para ello se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, con diseño descriptivo–explicativo y corte transversal. Se aplicaron diez entrevistas a profundidad dirigidas a personas refugiadas, funcionarios públicos, juristas y representantes de organismos especializados, además de una lista de cotejo que permitió contrastar la normativa vigente con su implementación práctica. El análisis se realizó mediante codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, complementado con un proceso de triangulación documental y empírica. Los resultados evidenciaron una brecha persistente entre el marco normativo garantista y su operatividad en el territorio. Aunque Ecuador dispone de instrumentos legales alineados con los estándares internacionales, las limitaciones institucionales, la centralización de los procesos administrativos y la escasez de recursos técnicos restringen la efectividad del sistema. Las narrativas de los refugiados revelaron falta de información, acompañamiento legal insuficiente, ayudas humanitarias discontinuas, discriminación social y ausencia de atención psicosocial. A partir de estos hallazgos se concluye que los mecanismos internacionales mantienen una efectividad parcial en el contexto local, lo que exige fortalecer capacidades institucionales, mejorar la articulación interinstitucional y desarrollar políticas sostenibles de integración.

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