Vibrios potencialmente patógenos en camarón de comercio minorista en mercados del cantón Manta, Manabí. Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/yaku.v7i13.001Palabras clave:
foodborne disease, healthy markets, qPCR, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus.Resumen
Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos se observan diariamente en el mundo y las bacterias del género Vibrio son una de las principales causas asociadas al problema en alimentos de origen marino. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de bacterias potencialmente patógenas del género Vibrio en camarones vendidos al por menor en mercados del municipio de Manta, Manabí, Ecuador, y el cumplimiento de dichos mercados a la norma Ecuatoriana INEN 2687:2013 Mercados Saludables. Para ello, los mercados Central de Manta, Playita Mia y Parroquial Eloy Alfaro se caracterizaron utilizando listas de verificación. La detección de vibrios potencialmente patógenos, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus y V. vulnificus se realizó mediante pruebas microbiológicas de PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real, método AOAC RI 050902. La calidad sanitaria general de los mercados (48.8%) se encontró por debajo del mínimo esperado (70.0%) y se reflejó en diferencias significativas (P<0.05) en el nivel de cumplimiento de la norma mencionada. Vibrio cholerae registró la prevalencia media más alta (69.7%), seguida de V. parahaemolyticus (49.2%), mientras que V. vulnificus mostró una baja prevalencia (6.7%). La prevalencia de las tres especies de Vibrio evaluadas no difirió significativamente entre mercados (P>0.05), ni reportó correlación significativa con la calidad sanitaria de los mercados. Se concluye que hay una alta prevalencia de Vibrio spp. en muestras de camarón marino de los tres mercados minoristas de mariscos en Manta, y las autoridades deben advertir al público sobre la necesidad de consumir camarones cocidos, no crudos o solamente salteados con limón.
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