Trastornos mentales en adultos mayores: prevalencia, factores de riesgo y revisión narrativa global

Galina Antonella Demera Medranda; Leonor Alexandra  Rodríguez Álava; Jimmy Manuel  Zambrano Acosta

doi:10.56124/nuna-yachay.v8i15.012

Authors

Galina Antonella Demera Medranda Universidad Técnica de Manabí https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5303-5872
Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava Universidad Técnica de Manabí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3034-1311
Jimmy Manuel Zambrano Acosta Universidad Técnica de Manabí https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-1963

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/nuna-yachay.v8i15.012

Keywords:

adultos mayores; salud mental; trastornos mentales; factores de riesgo; depresión

Abstract

Population aging increases the prevalence of mental disorders. The objective was to analyze the epidemiology, risk factors, and main geriatric pathologies globally. A narrative review using systematic methodology (2018–2025) was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, selecting 15 articles. The results identify depression as the most frequent condition (5.7%), followed by anxiety (4%) and substance use (3.8%). Bipolar disorder, although of low prevalence (1%), accounts for 25% of acute hospitalizations. Factors such as social isolation and physical comorbidities are critical determinants. The study concludes that there is a need for community psychogeriatric models that prioritize early screening.

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