Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Psicología NUNA YACHAY - ISSN: 2697-3588.

Desafíos psicosociales y respuestas de la Psicología Clínica en contextos postpandémicos y emergentes: Editorial

Israel Mayo Parra — 2024-12-17

Esta nueva entrega de NUNA YACHAY presenta investigaciones recientes en el ámbito psicosocial y su relevancia para entender los cambios en las dinámicas familiares, la percepción del riesgo, la educación integral de la sexualidad y las tendencias en el tratamiento de trastornos psicológicos comunes. Especial atención ocupan las emergencias sanitarias globales que han evidenciado el impacto profundo y multifacético en la salud mental de las personas y comunidades. La psicología clínica, con sus avances y estrategias contemporáneas, ha sido clave en la comprensión y mitigación de estas consecuencias. Desde la COVID-19 hasta la viruela símica, las crisis recientes destacan el papel central de esta disciplina para abordar fenómenos como la ansiedad, el estrés y el aislamiento social, así como para enfrentar los desafíos específicos derivados de la desinformación y el estigma. Estos estudios evidencian los retos presentes y dibujan oportunidades de intervención y fortalecimiento del bienestar emocional en contextos diversos.

Factores psicosociales de la salud mental postpandemia en estudiantes ULEAM Manta, 2023: Aproximación cualitativa

Victoriano Camas Baena — 2024-12-17

The negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health of university students worldwide is mentioned by several authors; However, it is a topic that has been little researched in Latin America and, specifically, in Ecuador. The objective of this article is to identify, describe and classify in depth the psychosocial factors that affect the mental health of students at the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM) in the period after the covid-19 pandemic. To this end, patterns and trends related to psychosocial factors and the mental health of students were identified to understand how emotional, social and academic aspects have influenced said mental health during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic adaptation period. The qualitative methodology, fulfilling the requirement of triangulation of techniques: participant observation, systematic literature review and semi-structured interview, which was applied to a qualitative sample of 30 people carefully selected to signify the diversity of the student population of Manta. The analysis of results reveals that the majority of students have suffered a negative impact on mental health after the pandemic, focused on a decrease in academic performance, constant pressure and loss of interest in learning as predominant problems, these factors also impact general well-being and significantly affect mental health, causing psychological discomfort such as stress, anxiety and depression, among the most notable. Furthermore, the analysis of these results offered valuable information to guide the implementation of specific student well-being interventions and programs, adapted to the needs identified in this particular context

Monkeypox: perception of pandemic risk in Central America

Miguel Gallegos — 2024-12-17

Objective: Data are presented on the perception of pandemic risk due to the outbreak of monkeypox cases in Central America. Materials and Methods: A single question was used: To what extent do you consider that monkeypox could become the next pandemic? The survey was administered between July 8 and July 22, 2022. Results: The data indicate that there is a low perception of risk in the surveyed population, with only 22.7% to 31.1% of the sample believing that Monkeypox could become the next pandemic. Conclusions: These data should serve to guide disease literacy actions and establish government preparedness and response measures.

Keywords: monkeypox; public health; epidemiology

Comprehensive sexuality education for adolescents with a gender approach

Alenni Ramona Aguilera Grave de Peralta — 2024-12-17

Education faces challenges in building more equitable and inclusive societies, which explores the importance of comprehensive adolescent sexuality education with a gender approach. This research responds to the limitations in the permanent training of teachers for the comprehensive sexuality education of adolescents with a gender approach in 10th grade students of the Prevocational Institute of Exact Sciences (IPVCE) "José Martí". A descriptive-explanatory study was carried out from a qualitative approach. Different theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, modeling, observation, interview, survey, review of documents, criteria of specialists and statistical and mathematical methods. The objective of this article is to socialize the results of an educational guidance program for teachers that prepares them by establishing a process of help for the comprehensive sexuality education of adolescents with a gender approach. The most significant results are recognized in the awareness and preparation achieved by teachers for comprehensive sexuality education for adolescents with a gender approach. Además de la orientación brindada a adolescentes, el programa favoreció la existencia de cambios en la percepción de los docentes sobre la temática, así como conocimientos y actitudes hacia la sexualidad y el género

Post-pandemic family dinamics due to COVID-19 and its impact on students at the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM). Manta 2022-2023

Mariela Yesenia Chávez Intriago — 2024-12-17

Understanding the psychosocial effects of the pandemic on the family dynamics of young people is a current and prospective topic. The main objective of the research was to determine the main alterations in family dynamics after the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on university students at ULEAM. To this end, a quantitative approach was used, with a descriptive design. The participants in the study were 42 students of the Psychology degree, to whom the FF-SIL family functioning questionnaire and the family APGAR scale were applied. It was evident that the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly transformed people's daily lives, generating substantial changes in family dynamics. It is concluded that the most altered dimensions were permeability, harmony, adaptability and participation; all of these are a reflection of the impact they have had on the lives of students.

Emotional attachment in couple relationships. Narrative review

Josselyne Yamileth Ponce Rodríguez — 2024-12-17

Emotional attachment in romantic relationships is a phenomenon related to the attachment theory of John Bowlby, who postulates that emotional bonds developed in childhood directly influence romantic relationships in adulthood. The objective of this work is to relate the different types of attachment through the relationship questionnaire of Bartholomew and Horowitz, (1991), with romantic relationships. A narrative review was carried out that synthesizes the available literature, offering a comprehensive perspective on the current state of knowledge. As a result of the literature search, it is concluded that people with secure attachment have stable and satisfactory relationships, while those with insecure attachment experience insecurity and conflicts in their relationships. The studies reviewed also indicate that the quality of attachment in childhood is closely linked to the way individuals cope with intimacy and commitment in adulthood

The conception and treatment of phobias from different psychological models: a narrative review

Layla María Tuárez Loor — 2024-12-17

Phobias are irrational terrors towards a specific object or situation that causes discomfort and intense anxiety in the person, leading them to completely avoid the reason for the phobia, making the life of the affected person unsatisfactory. Phobias constitute a psychological phenomenon that represents a limitation for those who experience them, having an impact on their mental health and the well-being of the individual. Therefore, psychology has taken the task of understanding their genesis and explaining their development. The objective of this work is to understand phobias and their significance from different psychological models in addition to their treatment for the development of effective interventions. A narrative review of the literature was carried out where it was found that the cognitive behavioral model and behaviorism are the best currents to address and treat a phobia due to their characteristics and considerations regarding this phenomenon.

Keywords: phobias; treatment; models; psychology

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A review of psychological trends

Nikole Mercedes Andrade Tubay — 2024-12-17

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most studied and discussed neurobiological disorders in the field of psychology. Characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, it affects both children and adults, significantly impacting their academic, social, and work life. As scientific understanding of this condition has advanced, so have therapeutic approaches and management strategies, seeking not only to reduce behavioral symptoms but also to improve the quality of life of those affected through personalized and adaptive interventions. This article explores current psychological trends in the treatment of ADHD, highlighting the importance of integrative approaches that consider both biological and psychosocial aspects from different psychological trends that address the disorder such as Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Gestalt, Systemic, Humanistic approaches, and other innovative practices that complement these perspectives with their multiple techniques to offer effective and sustainable long-term solutions. In addition, the importance of personalized treatment for better results in the daily performance of individuals is described.