Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Psicología NUNA YACHAY - ISSN: 2697-3588.

Avances y desafíos en psicología: una mirada multidimensional desde la investigación actual

Israel Mayo Parra — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Desde la epistemología de la psicología emerge un doble movimiento. Por un lado, las reformas de ciencia abierta refuerzan la transparencia; por otro, persiste la necesidad de integrar principios de diversidad y equidad. El “manifiesto” de Ghai et al. (2025) advierte que las prácticas de apertura resultan insuficientes si reproducen la hegemonía WEIRD y propone abordar simultáneamente los problemas de replicabilidad y generalización. De manera convergente, Uskul et al. (2024) evidencian que la producción científica continúa concentrada en el Norte global, lo que limita la validez externa de las teorías, mientras que Lakens (2025) documenta una crisis de confianza que obliga a repensar criterios de evidencia, incentivos editoriales y pluralidad metodológica.

La presente edición de NUNA YACHAY compila una serie de estudios que abordan diversas áreas de la psicología, ofreciendo análisis críticos, investigaciones empíricas y propuestas de intervención que enriquecen nuestro entendimiento de complejas realidades humanas. Estos trabajos se organizan en tres ejes temáticos principales: Psicología Comunitaria y Social, Psicología Clínica y de la Salud en Contextos Educativos, y Psicopedagogía e Inclusión Educativa. A continuación comentaremos cada uno de ellos.

Psychosocial Diagnosis of the "San Mateo" Community Manta, Ecuador

Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The scientific article focuses on research conducted in the San Mateo neighborhood, recognizing this area as one of the most significant for the Mantense population. Its objective was to identify issues and needs within the community to plan and implement strategies to raise awareness about these matters. To achieve this, a participatory action research methodology was used, consisting of three phases: participant observation to understand the sociodemographic context; conducting interviews with prominent community members to gather detailed information on issues and needs; and finally, proposing workshops and activities based on the Empowerment Model, which aimed to empower the community through participatory action and the creation of support networks. The collected data revealed problems such as a lack of cohesion among residents, dependence on assistance, and learned helplessness. Although the residents showed willingness in the collection of socio-historical data, their participation in activities and workshops was limited. It is emphasized that community mental health is essential to promote individual empowerment, resulting in greater satisfaction, confidence, and creativity. Finally, it is recommended in contexts such as Mexico and Argentina to create participatory spaces and recreational activities to improve social well-being and address collective issues in the San Mateo community.

Relationship between academic stress and sleepiness in adolescents at a school in the Quero Canton

Jaqueline Elizabeth Curay Martínez, Dayamy Lima Rojas — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between academic stress and sleepiness in adolescents from an educational unit in the Quero canton. We worked under a post-positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach, non-experimental cross-sectional design, descriptive and correlational scope. The sample was 254 students aged between 12 and 17 years to whom the Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) were administered. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out with the inclusion criteria of obtaining an affirmative answer in the filter question of the SISCO test. Among the main results, it was found that 52.8% present moderate academic stress and 85% abnormal sleepiness; The correlation analysis with Spearman's Rho shows that there is a low significant correlation between sleepiness and the coping strategy dimension in adolescents; In the other dimensions there is no correlation.

Strategy to support the learning process of students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Ana Gabriela Guaranda Holguín, Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Alava — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to design a strategy to support the learning of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at the Santa Ana Private Educational Unit. This was a non-experimental study with a mixed approach and a descriptive scope. Observations were conducted on students, identifying difficulties in social interaction, academic autonomy, and cognitive flexibility. Teachers were also interviewed, which identified limited training, a lack of knowledge of inclusive tools, and insufficient collaboration between school and family. A strategy called "Inclusion Circles" is proposed. This strategy seeks to promote the comprehensive development of students with ASD through ongoing training, collaborative work, and community awareness. This strategy includes activities such as workshops, parent meetings, and the redesign of adapted spaces, based on principles of inclusive education and school-family collaboration. Specialists positively evaluated the strategy, highlighting its potential to improve inclusion and learning in students with this condition

Risk of eating disorders in adolescents at Educational Unit of Riobamba: A comparative study

Jessica Nataly Yambay Moyano, Alejandro David Barzallo Núñez — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the rates of anorexic and bulimic eating disorders have increased among adolescents, due to the influence of social media on mental constructs and the acceptance of their body image. These circumstances have led to the adoption of risky eating behaviors (REB) that could initiate and sustain Eating Disorders (ED), which significantly affect the biopsychosocial health status. In this research context, the need arose to analyze the risk of eating disorders in adolescents from an Educational Unit in Riobamba, according to gender and age. The methodology adopted a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and descriptive scope. The study population consisted of 214 adolescents of both genders, aged between 12 and 17 years. To assess the risk of eating disorders, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was applied. The results determined that the prevalence of risk for ED is higher among female adolescents (64.6%) and those aged 15 to 17 years (86.6%) compared to their male counterparts (35.4%).

Unemployment and Social Development of Single Mothers in the Barrio Los Artesanos, Canton Montecristi

Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present work analyzes the unemployment in the social development of single mothers in the neighborhood Los Artesanos of Montecristi canton, year 2023, it was important to analyze the social reality, that is linked to the humanistic career which allows to have a critical and prepositives reflection on various situations that occur every day. The purpose was to know the factors that affect unemployment in social development, to specify the causes and consequences that unemployment generates and in the same way to know the conditions in which single mothers live. A qualitative approach methodology was used, the design was based on the phenomenological theory and the method was inductive where the experiences of single mothers were evidenced in which it was necessary to have more general conclusions from the answers given by the key informants about the problem to be treated, The key informants were ten single mothers in the neighborhood of Los Artesanos in Montecristi canton, the choice of key informants was a random population where they were selected at random within a large group in which it was necessary to infer conclusions, as a technique was used interviews and as an instrument a questionnaire of 24 open questions. As a first result, it became evident that the conditions that a single mother generally lives are to reconcile work and family life, which is presented as a very considerable challenge, since it is very difficult to reconcile work and family life, jobs with flexible schedules and access to childcare are hard to find these days

Resilience, emotional states and coping in adolescents with suicide attempt in Cienfuegos

Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Adolescence is a crucial stage in everyone's life, in which changes, transformations, learning, growth, discoveries about the hidden potential within oneself are present that influence the formation of identity, autonomy, which entails challenges that require strength and resilience. Objective: to determine the level of resilience, emotional states and coping styles in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years with a suicide attempt (SI). Method: descriptive cross-sectional study based on a quantitative design, carried out in five health areas of the municipality of Cienfuegos and the area of Palmira, both in the province of Cienfuegos. Techniques: Survey of the National Program for Care and Prevention of Suicidal Behavior, Coping Scale, Experiential Self-Report and Scale Cuban Adolescent Resilience (ERA-C). Absolute and relative frequencies were used. Results: predominance of 16-year-old female adolescents from high school who used non-serious methods to carry out the suicidal act, through the ingestion of psychotropic drugs in their second attempt, related to family conflicts in conjunction with the lack of family support or care. Conclusions: Adolescents with a suicide attempt presented low levels of resilience with intense negative emotional states of sadness, rejection, fear, irritability and restlessness. The coping style they use is unproductive with strategies to reduce tension and ignore the problem

Neoliberalism and Subjectivity: Unfolding of a Mental Health Service

Danielle Christine Vasconcelos Chauvet, Daniel Magalhães Goulart — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this paper is to discuss subjective processes produced in the relationship between service users and professionals in a Psychosocial Care Center in the Federal District, Brazil, which are related to expressions of neoliberalism and the new institutionalization in the field of mental health. The theory of subjectivity from a cultural-historical perspective is used as a central theoretical framework. The methodology used was the constructive-interpretive one, based on González Rey’s qualitative epistemology. The research was carried out with the professional team and service. We discuss the crossing of the neoliberal logic in the social subjectivity of the service and how the neoliberal rationality is articulated to the phenomenon of the new institutionalization, culminating in the hegemony of the mental hospital model in services that formally turn to its overcoming. As a counterpoint, we emphasize the urgency of professionals as agents of their practices, who not only resist current difficulties, but produce alternative subjective senses to neoliberal rationality and the pathologization of life.

Key-words: neoliberalism; subjectivity; mental health.

Influence of social media on teenager mental health. Systematic review

Miguel Jesús Rodríguez Llerena, Odalia Llerena Companioni — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Access to new technologies such as smartphones and computers, along with the increasing rise of online connectivity, has become a fast and easy method for social interaction and general access to information. The article presents a descriptive, documentary-type, and qualitative study aimed at systematizing, through a documentary review, information on how exposure to social networks influences teenagers' mental health. Data collection focused on aspects such as the influence of the internet and digital technologies on individual identity construction, the consequences of social network exposure, and the effects of social network exposure on mental health. To conduct the study, databases such as Scopus, Redalyc, and Scielo were used, and the search was limited to works published between 2014 and 2024. The results of the study indicate that social networks positively impact the way people live and interact with others, providing an accessible way to establish contact; however, their use without responsible supervision and appropriate limits can become a significant risk factor for teenagers' mental health

The Initial Psychopedagogical Training of the Bachelor in Physical Culture in Cuba

Martha Iznaola Cuscó, Emilio Alberto Ortiz Torres — Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The psychopedagogical training of the Bachelor in Physical Culture is crucial for their professional performance in the sports and recreational sphere, which is why it appears as a discipline in the curriculum called Psychopedagogy of Physical Activity. However, graduates do not always manage to effectively apply the psychopedagogical content received in their professional performance. The objective of the article is to assess the existing limitations in the initial psychopedagogical training of the Bachelor in Physical Culture, based on the inconsistencies contained in the curriculum regarding the interdisciplinary theoretical conception of psychopedagogy to promote its improvement