Sobrecarga del cuidador y funcionamiento ejecutivo en cuidadores primarios

Andrea Estefanía  García Asitimbay

doi:10.56124/nuna-yachay.v7i14.029

Autores/as

Andrea Estefanía García Asitimbay Universidad del Azuay https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7718-0854

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/nuna-yachay.v7i14.029

Palabras clave:

carga del cuidador, estrés crónico, discapacidad, función ejecutiva, neuropsicología

Resumen

Este estudio analiza la relación entre sobrecarga del cuidador, estrés crónico y funcionamiento ejecutivo en cuidadores primarios de personas con discapacidad. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal con 60 cuidadores primarios de personas con discapacidad física, intelectual o sensorial de un centro especializado en Cuenca, Ecuador. Se aplicaron el Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) y Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), empleando estadística descriptiva, correlaciones de Pearson y regresión múltiple. Los cuidadores presentaron edad promedio de 47.83 años, predominio femenino (75%) y niveles moderados de sobrecarga. El funcionamiento ejecutivo mostró disfunciones leves a moderadas, especialmente en memoria de trabajo y planificación/organización. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas significativas entre sobrecarga del cuidador y todas las dimensiones ejecutivas evaluadas (r=.53-.67, p<.001). Las horas diarias de cuidado emergieron como el predictor más fuerte de disfunción ejecutiva (β=.486, p<.001), explicando el modelo de regresión 69.7% de la varianza en sobrecarga (R²=.697). Los hallazgos confirman la relación positiva entre sobrecarga del cuidador y disfunciones ejecutivas, evidenciando la vulnerabilidad neuropsicológica de cuidadores bajo estrés crónico, con implicaciones para el desarrollo de intervenciones especializadas

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Citas

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