Validez ecológica de evaluaciones de funciones ejecutivas mediante realidad virtual en contextos educativos. Una revisión sistemática

Dayanna Lizbeth   Soto Andrade

doi:10.56124/nuna-yachay.v8i15.015

Autores/as

Dayanna Lizbeth Soto Andrade Universidad del Azuay https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1974-6836

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/nuna-yachay.v8i15.015

Palabras clave:

realidad virtual; funciones ejecutivas; validez ecológica; evaluación neuropsicológica; contextos educativos

Resumen

Objetivo: Describir el estado de las investigaciones relacionadas con la validez ecológica de evaluaciones de funciones ejecutivas mediante realidad virtual en contextos educativos. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la guía PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se ejecutó en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO e IEEE Xplore, incluyendo artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en inglés, español, francés y alemán. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron estudios originales que analizaron la validez ecológica de herramientas de realidad virtual para evaluación de funciones ejecutivas en contextos educativos. Resultados: De 178 registros iniciales, se seleccionaron 15 estudios que cumplieron los criterios establecidos. Los hallazgos demuestran consistentemente que las herramientas de realidad virtual superan las limitaciones de validez ecológica de las evaluaciones tradicionales, proporcionando correlaciones significativas con instrumentos neuropsicológicos establecidos mientras ofrecen mayor motivación del usuario y capacidad para detectar déficits sutiles. Conclusiones: Las evaluaciones de funciones ejecutivas basadas en realidad virtual representan un avance significativo en la neuropsicología educativa, estableciendo un nuevo paradigma que combina rigor científico con validez ecológica mejorada para la caracterización del funcionamiento ejecutivo en poblaciones estudiantiles.

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Citas

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