Retos y oportunidades de la educación frente a la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial

Abstract

The dizzying advance of artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming educational scenarios, raising pedagogical, ethical and social questions that challenge traditional models of teaching and learning. The objective of this reflection essay is to analyze the main challenges and opportunities facing education in the face of the irruption of artificial intelligence, considering its impact on training processes, the role of the teacher and the development of competencies in students. The methodology used is based on a qualitative, reflective-analytical approach, based on the critical review of recent scientific literature and the argumentative analysis of current trends in education and artificial intelligence. The results show that, although AI introduces risks associated with technological dependence, the dehumanization of learning and digital divides, it also offers significant opportunities for educational personalization, pedagogical innovation and the strengthening of cognitive and metacognitive skills. It is concluded that the responsible and critical integration of artificial intelligence in education requires clear educational policies, continuous teacher training and an ethical vision that places the human being at the center of the educational process, thus guaranteeing a more inclusive, flexible and relevant education for the challenges of the twenty-first century.