Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria SAPIENTIAE. ISSN: 2600-6030.

Editorial

2025-09-30T00:01:25+00:00

Revista científica multidisciplinaria Sapientiae

Relación entre hábitos alimentarios y el índice de masa corporal en estudiantes de Gastronomía

2025-08-29T23:00:54+00:00

Los hábitos alimentarios y el estilo de vida determinan la salud de las personas, especialmente en etapas formativas del nivel universitario. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre hábitos alimentarios y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en estudiantes de Gastronomía de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro. Se trató de una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva-correlacional, donde se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 120 estudiantes, extraída de una población de 351. El cuestionario incluyó variables relacionadas con la frecuencia de comidas, consumo de frutas y verduras, ingesta de alimentos ultra procesados, hidratación diaria, práctica de actividad física, peso y estatura para el cálculo del IMC, mediante la fórmula IMC = Peso (kg) / [Estatura (m)]². El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el software SPSS, aplicando técnicas descriptivas y correlacionales para establecer relaciones significativas entre variables. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia significativa hacia valores elevados de IMC, predominando el sobrepeso y la obesidad leve en un amplio grupo de participantes. Se identificó una fuerte compensación positiva entre el consumo frecuente de alimentos altamente procesados, el sedentarismo y un IMC superior al promedio, respaldada estadísticamente por un coeficiente de Pearson de r = 0,68 (p < 0,001). Se evidencia discrepancia entre los conocimientos nutricionales de los estudiantes y su aplicación en la vida diaria. Se concluye que existe una relación directa entre los hábitos alimentarios poco saludables y el aumento del IMC, lo cual justifica la necesidad de estrategias educativas y preventivas dentro del ámbito universitario.

Estrategias de planificación financiera como fortalecimiento de la gestión pública del GAD parroquial El Anegado

2025-08-21T13:05:45+00:00

Este estudio se trazó como objetivo analizar la influencia de las estrategias de planificación financiera en la transparencia de la gestión pública del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial Rural El Anegado. La investigación se fundamentó bajo un enfoque de tipo mixto, empleando como técnicas de recolección de información la entrevista y el cheklist. La primera se aplicó al presidente del GAD y la otra a una muestra compuesta por 9 funcionarios de la misma organización. Los resultados mediante el componente de estrategias de planificación financiera evidenciaron que la entidad cuenta con 91% de nivel de confianza y un bajo nivel de riesgo inherente de 9%, en cambio el componente transparencia institucional alcanzó 89% de nivel de confianza y 11% de nivel de riesgo inherente, destacando la difusión de información. Se concluye que la planificación constituye un elemento fundamental para fortalecer la eficacia y la sostenibilidad de la gestión pública.

Innovación tecnológica y eficiencia administrativa estudio de caso en la empresa de agua potable del cantón Jipijapa

2025-08-12T22:14:55+00:00

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la innovación tecnológica y la eficiencia administrativa en la Empresa de Agua Potable del Cantón Jipijapa mediante una encuesta estructurada. Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo basado en un cuestionario de 14 preguntas cerradas con opciones múltiples, aplicado a una muestra representativa de 40 empleados seleccionados del total de trabajadores. Los datos se procesaron con estadística descriptiva y un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar los factores que explican variaciones en la percepción de innovación y eficiencia. Los resultados muestran niveles moderados de adopción tecnológica y mejoras en procesos administrativos asociadas a la formación y el liderazgo. Las conclusiones permiten señalar que la capacitación continua y el soporte tecnológico promueven mayores niveles de eficiencia interna y mejoran la gestión operativa.

Bullying hacia estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales: reflexiones críticas y retos para la inclusión

2025-08-13T01:13:11+00:00

This article examines bias-based bullying against students with special educational needs and/or disabilities as an expression of structural ableism. Drawing on a critical narrative review of international empirical studies within a socio-ecological framework, we find: (a) victimisation rates 1.5-to-4 times higher—and up to 282 % higher when disability is the explicit target; (b) an over-representation of the bully-victim profile and more severe, lasting academic, psychological and social harm than in non-discriminatory bullying; and (c) the legitimising role of passive bystanders in school norms that normalise exclusion. When disability intersects with other stigmas (gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, poverty), risk escalates, showing that vulnerability stems from cumulative inequities rather than functional difference itself. Effective intervention must operate simultaneously on structural, interpersonal and intrapersonal levels, while policy and protocols should be co-created with SEND students to move schools from “special-case management” toward an inclusive-justice paradigm.

Creación de la ruta gastronómica del rompope para el desarrollo del turismo gastronómico del cantón Rocafuerte

2025-09-03T14:35:22+00:00

In recent times, tourism has become attractive and enriching for those who seek to escape from routine and take advantage of the opportunity to visit new places. Namely, the Rocafuerte canton, located in the province of Manabí, is known as the point of the bell towers, where its greatest attraction is the famous typical sweets that captivate the palate of those who delight in them. This study aimed to design a gastronomic route in the Rocafuerte canton, province of Manabí, in order to promote tourism and economic development, both nationally and internationally, and to promote knowledge and appreciation of the cultural and culinary wealth of the canton. The main findings determined that the Rocafuerte canton stands out for its social, cultural, environmental and economic wealth, with rompope being a symbol of its culinary identity. Georeferencing allowed the identification of key production and sales points, preserving its artisanal tradition. The designed gastronomic route integrates these points, highlighting the history and process of rompope, and is complemented by a structured guide that facilitates access to this tourist experience. It is recommended to promote your cultural identity through campaigns, implement digital signage for points of interest, enrich the route with complementary activities and distribute the guide in multiple formats and languages for greater reach.

Aplicación de la gestión de procesos de negocios en educación continua (revisión de alcance 2020-2024)

2025-09-03T13:59:42+00:00

The objective of this review article is to analyze and synthesize the existing scientific literature on the application of Business Process Management (BPM) in continuing education. A scoping review of research published between 2020 and 2024 indexed in Dialnet, Google Scholar, Redalyc and Scielo is carried out, which involves the analysis of 60 documents from the evidence base. 30 relevant studies that met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The aspects of grouping the studies carried out were analyzed, the efficiency and optimization of processes (67% of the studies), innovation and educational technology (23%) and evaluation and improvement of the user experience (10%) were quantified. This scoping review contributes to the existing literature on BPM in continuing education

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN ACCOMMODATION: TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION FOR DAILY COLLECTION OF TOURISM DATA.

2025-09-03T14:49:23+00:00

This article documents the experience of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) in the creation and use of a web-based platform for the daily collection of accommodation indicators in the city of Loja, Ecuador. Since its implementation in 2019, this technological tool has enabled the gathering of key data such as occupancy rate, average rate, REVPar, average stay, and total sales, strengthening local tourism management and fostering trust among hotel operators. The methodology employed was descriptive and quantitative, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Participation was voluntary, including 100% of five-star hotels and 70% of four- and three-star hotels in the city. Data were entered daily through the web platform and subsequently validated by the research team and the Ministry of Tourism. The results highlight the functionality of the tool and the willingness of hoteliers to engage in data-driven management processes. Additionally, the initiative strengthened cooperation within the tourism sector, leading to the creation of the Mesa Turística Loja as a space for dialogue and collaboration. Currently, efforts are underway to integrate Business Intelligence systems to improve data visualization and analysis. It is concluded that this experience represents a replicable good practice for other tourism destinations, with significant implications for competitiveness and sustainability in the sector.

HOSPITALITY IN FOODSCAPES, CONCEPTUALIZATION AND DIMENSIONS OF THE DINING EXPERIENCE

2025-09-03T14:42:44+00:00

From its beginnings, hospitality has been defined as the relationship between host and visitor, characterized by welcome, care and the offer of lodging and food mainly. However, in the context of culinary landscapes or foodscapes, this definition is broadened to include not only the interaction between people, but also the arrangement of the space, the differentiation of the gastronomic proposal and the general atmosphere experienced in the moments of such interaction.

This research analyzes how hospitality manifests itself in these environments, identifying symbolic, emotional, spatial and functional dimensions. A qualitative methodology with an interpretative and contextual approach was used, through an exploratory and analytical documentary review, based on validated academic sources. This approach made it possible to examine the state of the art, identify key conceptualizations and systematize relevant findings on the subject.

Expressions of hospitality in foodscapes are grouped into three main approaches. First, performative and relational hospitality, understood as a situated practice where hosts and diners co-create experiences through gestures, rituals and culinary narratives (Lugosi, 2008). Second, the meal as a symbolic act of welcoming, sharing food as a form of cultural inclusion and intercultural understanding (Richards, 2012). Third, the design of the space and atmosphere, where elements such as decoration, lighting, music and layout influence the diner's perception (Blichfeldt et al., 2013). Sims (2009) reinforces these perspectives by pointing out that local cuisine functions as a tourism differentiation strategy, especially in emerging destinations. Taken together, these approaches show that hospitality in foodscapes transcends commercial service, constituting a key form of social and cultural relationship to design more meaningful tourism experiences committed to local development.

Perpetuity of management positions and loss of university autonomy.

2025-07-09T17:11:52+00:00

This hermeneutic-phenomenological study aims to contribute to the debate to reveal answers on the effects of perpetuity in university management positions in the face of the negative actions of the National Executive of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, including: the lack of recognition of University Autonomy and obstacles to the renewal of authorities, as established in the legal framework. Considering that universities, as social entities, cannot be separated from their systemic behavior, being made up of people who establish relationships as a natural process in their operation. Then, perpetuity in management positions is a hindering factor for efficient management, which added to the loss of autonomy brings obstacles to the fulfillment of goals. However, management depends on the application of managerial principles in an organizational climate that favors the personal and professional development of its members, assertive communication, recognition of the human being and their existential needs; Therefore, to guarantee these actions, management is necessary based on the concept of achieving self-sustainability.

Rol materno en la preparación de alimentos y su relación con la desnutrición crónica infantil: revisión bibliográfica

2025-08-05T20:38:12+00:00

Esta revisión sistemática abarcó un total de 35 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025 para evaluar el rol de la madre en la preparación de alimentos y su relación con la prevalencia de desnutrición crónica infantil. Se diseñó un modelo acorde a PRISMA, con indagación en bases de datos diversas, entre ellas, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus y ProQuest empleando operadores booleanos (“madre*” OR “maternal”) AND (“preparación de alimentos” OR “prácticas de alimentación”) AND (“desnutrición crónica” OR “retraso del crecimiento”) AND (“niño*” OR “infante*”). Después de omitir duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión (ensayos aleatorios, estudios en menores de cinco años, cohortes y transversales, inglés/español) y exclusión (población adulta, obesidad, metodologías, incompletas), 35 publicaciones fueron sometidos a extracción de datos de manera estandarizada. El análisis cualitativo, sobre la base de autores consultados, puso de manifiesto que las madres con formación nutricional emplean prácticas de cocción y conservación que mejoran la diversidad dietética y los micronutrientes, vinculándose con reducciones de hasta 25% en las tasas de ofuscación. Aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales moldean la adopción de estas prácticas, enfatizando en la necesidad de implementar intervenciones contextuales. La heterogeneidad en diseños y mediciones impidió un metaanálisis cuantitativo general, sin embargo, permitió análisis de sensibilidad y de subgrupos, que confirmaron el impacto favorable de la educación nutricional de las madres. Se concluye que fortalecer los programas de formación nutricional dirigidos a madres, adaptados a realidades específicas, es fundamental para disminuir la desnutrición crónica infantil y promover un crecimiento saludable de los infantes.

La lectura y el pensamiento dialéctico crítico: Contexto, cultura y lenguaje para la transformación universitaria

2025-09-11T15:49:35+00:00

En este trabajo de investigación se plantea un enfoque teórico y pedagógico que motiva la lectura dialéctica y crítica en la educación superior, integrando las conceptualizaciones de Hegel, Wittgenstein, Halliday y Platón. Se sustenta que la lectura universitaria debe concebirse como un proceso activo, contextualizado y emancipador, que permita a los estudiantes cuestionar las interpretaciones predominantes, analizar contradicciones y construir nuevos conocimientos en diálogo con diversos contextos culturales y lingüísticos. A partir de un análisis de las estrategias metodológicas, como debates socráticos, análisis comparativos y escritura argumentativa, se propone un modelo pedagógico que favorece el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo, dialéctico y autónomo. Los resultados teóricos y prácticos indican que la implementación de estas prácticas puede fortalecer la formación de ciudadanos críticos, promover la investigación original y facilitar una transformación social fundamentada en la lectura como práctica emancipadora y constructor de sentido en contextos académicos contemporáneos.

Los cuentos infantiles: palabras pequeñas y grandes mundos con capacidad de formación y transformación

2025-07-22T14:30:36+00:00

This study aimed to reflect on the capacity of children's stories to shape and transform young children. The objects of study were The Incredible Book-Eating Boy by Oliver Jeffers and The Crocodile Who Didn't Like Water by Gemma Merino. Through a dialogue between the two stories, the themes, narrative and aesthetic resources, and implicit values of each story were addressed. The research is based on Gianni Rodari's "Grammar of Fantasy" theory, which promotes the use of stories to stimulate children's creativity and imagination, presenting them as a tool to enhance divergent thinking. A dialogue with Piaget and Vygotsky was conducted to understand the importance of stories in childhood and their capacity as a transformative tool. The methodology utilized the aforementioned theory, in addition to a dialogue between the two stories, all of which were qualitative in nature to obtain the results and subsequent conclusions of the research.

Sombras que repiten nombres: la eternidad en Cien años de soledad, Gabriel García Márquez

2025-07-15T17:12:26+00:00

Gabriel García Márquez, recognized as the great exponent of Latin American magical realism, creates in One Hundred Years of Solitude a literary universe where the mythical, the tragic and the magical intertwine to represent a cyclical and inescapable vision of time. Through the Buendía family and the town of Macondo, the author constructs a metaphor of the "eternal return", where names, destinies and mistakes are repeated from generation to generation as a condemnation without redemption. This repetition is not only narrative, but ontological: the characters have no choice, they are trapped in a loop that symbolizes both the personal and historical fatality of Latin America. From the death of Prudencio Aguilar to the birth of the last pig-tailed Aureliano, the novel exposes how traumas and guilt are inherited unconsciously. Through Freudian analysis, it is understood that Prudencio's ghost represents the return

of the repressed, a transgenerational guilt that affects even those who did not commit the original act. The figure of Melquíades reinforces the idea that everything is already written and destined to happen. His symbolic presence and his role as narrator determine the tragic character of the story: knowledge always comes too late. Incest, reiterated throughout the novel, ceases to be a simple taboo and becomes a symbol of confinement and repetition: the Buendía lineage turns in on itself, refusing to change, until it destroys itself.

Dolores Veintimilla: voz silenciosa, eco eterno

2025-07-22T15:08:09+00:00

La historia de Dolores Veintimilla es una narración profundamente simbólica de lucha, valentía y resiliencia, nacida en un contexto social y cultural en el que la mujer no solo se veía relegada, sino también limitada en su voz y sus derechos, marcada por el dolor, la marginación y la falta de comprensión en una sociedad conservadora y patriarcal. En este escenario de opresión, Veintimilla desafió las normas establecidas a través de su poesía, la cual nos invita a reflexionar sobre la exclusión social y de género que sufrió. De esta manera, su legado aún vive en la literatura y en la lucha constante por la inclusión, y tanto su vida como su obra se convierten en un llamado de atención a una sociedad que, aunque poco inclusiva, estaba siendo testigo de una nueva forma de expresión que desbordaba las barreras de género y de clase.

Pedro, Rafael y la Ñata: un análisis literario psicológico de la obra Los Designios

2025-07-22T14:33:51+00:00

This research activity is based on a literary and psychological analysis aimed at understanding the underlying thoughts of the characters in the novel Los Designios and their influence on human emotions and behaviors within a specific cultural context. The study focuses on the development of the characters Pedro Panta, Rafael Fernández Guarderas, and Ñata Demetria in the small town of Charapotó. To explore the possible cognitive and behavioral processes these characters underwent, the ABC model of Beck and Ellis was applied, establishing connections between their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Furthermore, phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches were employed, enabling a deeper interpretation of their behaviors. This interdisciplinary approach established a significant connection between literature and psychology, enriching the comprehensive understanding of the characters and their experiences.

Problemas sociales en Ecuador presentes en la novela Los Sangurimas de José de la Cuadra

2025-07-15T16:01:01+00:00

The objective of this work is to contribute to the reflection on violence and insecurity as a social phenomenon affecting Manabí, Ecuador. This research analyzes the Ecuadorian novel Los Sangurimas by José de la Cuadra. Hermeneutics and Gérard Genette's theories of structuralism are used to relate the variable manifestations of violence in the Manabí context and contrast them with the novel's plot. From an axiological perspective, the role of the State as a complacent observer of acts of violence that threaten the social fabric is studied. Lessons are drawn that contribute to the construction of more pacifist communities, and national policies for education and values formation are compared. The conclusion is that the forms of violence in the novel Los Sangurimas are still present, and that through axiology and the wise use of time, we can build a path to change this problem. A path is proposed that promotes values-based education, using life projects in preadolescent children to contribute to the solution of social problems.

Género literario epistolar para el fortalecimiento de la ortografía en bachillerato

2025-07-22T13:37:18+00:00

Spelling is essential for effective communication; therefore, it must be reinforced in the educational environment. In this context, the epistolary genre, traditionally relegated to the background in the face of new technologies, re-emerges as an innovative pedagogical tool. Thus, through this research, the impact of letter writing on the development of accentuation spelling skills in high school students was analyzed from a qualitative approach. The application of workshops based on transcription and letter writing allowed the identification and application of accentual rules, improving their spelling accuracy. The results showed a notable improvement in the use of accentuation, the understanding of spelling rules and the development of a greater awareness of the importance of spelling. In addition, the goodness of epistolary writing to integrate the emotional dimension, which positions it as an effective didactic strategy for learning spelling, promoting motivation, reflection and contextualization of learning.

Voces extraídas de la literatura indigenista

2025-07-22T13:35:59+00:00

With the aim of analyzing, from a decolonizing and critical approach, the literary mechanisms of cultural resistance in Latin American indigenist works: Through a critical analysis of five indigenist works: Sueño en lengua zapoteca (2002) and Balún Canán (1957), Hombres de maíz (1949), Huasipungo (1934, Ushanan-Jampi (1920). Revealing how colonial domination is demanded in its linguistic, territorial and legal dimensions, with emphasis on productions from Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador and Peru. This analytical interpretation leads to the reanimation of collective memory and the understanding of literature as a space of literary valorization, as a device of cultural emancipation. It is a latent need to look head-on at a still open historical wound: the systematic exclusion of indigenous peoples in Latin America. The methodology applied a qualitative and interpretive approach, supported by theoretical frameworks such as decolonial theory, symbolic violence and social realism, reveals how literature not only tells stories but also reproduces or subverts power structures. It doesn't seek definitive answers, but rather to disturb the reader through the fissu

res of the dominant discourse. Indigenous literature doesn't revive the past: it reveals it as still latent, as a word that resists and demands justice.

Arte e imaginarios sociales: Prevención del reclutamiento infantil en Quibdó, Chocó

2025-10-13T17:23:59+00:00

This research proposes social imaginaries —according to the theory of Cornelius Castoriadis— to formulate public policies for the prevention of child recruitment in Afro-descendant ethnic communities in the municipality of Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia; from the promotion of the instituting social imaginary. The research contrasts the instituted imaginary, associated with armed conflict, mining exploitation, and the lack of implementation of public policies for the protection of the basic needs of the Afro-descendant population, especially children and adolescents. Art is a tool of symbolic resistance that strengthens collective identity, through which the reconstruction of collective identity was consolidated, giving rise to the configuration of the structure of the instituting imaginary based on the narrative derived from minors in the Atrato region of Chocó regarding identity, memory, and cultural practices in relation to the dynamics of violence and inequality in the territory.