Eficacia del tratamiento con toxina botulínica en pacientes adultos con bruxismo, ansiedad y depresión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/sapientiae.v8i17.036Keywords:
Ansiedad, Bruxismo, Depresión, Eficacia, Toxina botulínicaAbstract
El bruxismo es un trastorno caracterizado por el rechinamiento o apretamiento involuntario de los dientes, frecuentemente asociado a factores psicológicos como la ansiedad y la depresión. Esta condición puede generar consecuencias significativas en la salud bucodental y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos. En los últimos años, la toxina botulínica ha emergido como una alternativa terapéutica prometedora para el manejo de este trastorno, especialmente en casos donde coexisten desajustes emocionales. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la eficacia del tratamiento con toxina botulínica tipo A en adultos que presentan bruxismo junto con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de estudios clínicos, revisiones y metaanálisis publicados en bases de datos de reconocido prestigio científico. Los resultados extraídos de la literatura indican que la aplicación de aquella toxina en los músculos maseteros y temporales reduce significativamente la intensidad del trastorno, alivia el dolor muscular y mejora la funcionalidad mandibular, con efectos positivos también sobre los síntomas emocionales asociados. Así mismo, se reporta una baja incidencia de efectos adversos, generalmente leves y transitorios. En conclusión, la evidencia actual respalda el uso de la toxina botulínica como una opción eficaz y segura en el tratamiento del dicho problema en adultos, principalmente cuando está vinculado a trastornos de ansiedad y depresión, aunque se recomienda continuar con estudios longitudinales que refuercen estos hallazgos.
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