Vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT) para el monitoreo agronómico de cultivo de maní

Delgado Marcillo Delgado Marcillo; Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma; Henry Antonio Pacheco Gil

doi:10.56124/sapientiae.v8i17.011

Authors

Delgado Marcillo Delgado Marcillo Maestría en Geomática. Facultad de Posgrado. Universidad Técnica de Manabí - UTM
Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma Laboratory of Agroecosystems and Climate Change, Department of Agriculture Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Agriculture, Technical University of Manabí - UTM
Henry Antonio Pacheco Gil Department of Agriculture Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Agriculture, Technical University of Manabí - UTM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56124/sapientiae.v8i17.011

Keywords:

Precision agriculture, spectral indices, crop vigor, spatial analysis, agricultural technology

Abstract

This study aimed to monitor the agronomic conditions of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) crops using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with RGB cameras to improve the efficiency of agricultural resource use. Five spectral indices (GLI, SAVI, RGBVI, MGRVI, and VIgreen) were evaluated in a 7,000 m² experimental plot, using a factorial design that included four peanut varieties, two planting densities, and two types of tillage. Data were captured with a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone and processed using photogrammetric software and spatial analysis tools. The results showed that the RGBVI index had the highest reflectance values (0.52 ± 0.05), making it the most effective for evaluating crop vigor. The INIAP-381 and INIAP-383 varieties demonstrated higher vigor, while conventional tillage favored crop development compared to zero tillage. The interaction between the INIAP-381 variety and a planting density of 62.500 plants/hectare resulted in higher reflectance, indicating better resource utilization. These findings suggest that UAVs equipped with RGB sensors and the RGBVI spectral index can be accessible and effective tools for peanut crop monitoring, reducing costs and facilitating decision-making in precision agriculture. The application of these technologies can contribute to public policy formulation aimed at revitalizing the peanut sector in Ecuador, strengthening the value chain and increasing productivity.

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