Herramientas clínicas para el diagnóstico de delirium en adultos hospitalizados en salas generales: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/sapientiae.v9i20.015Palabras clave:
Delirium, Diagnóstico, Hospitalización, Herramientas de cribado, Evaluación cognitiva.Resumen
El delirium es un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico agudo frecuente en pacientes hospitalizados, asociado con aumento de la mortalidad, mayor estancia hospitalaria y deterioro funcional. Sin embargo, continúa siendo subdiagnosticado en salas de hospitalización general. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA y se efectuó una búsqueda en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane Library para identificar estudios que evaluaran herramientas clínicas para el diagnóstico de delirium en adultos hospitalizados. Se identificaron 762 registros, de los cuales 29 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las herramientas diagnósticas más evaluadas fueron Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), el 4AT, Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) y Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 (DRS-R-98), mostrando buen rendimiento diagnóstico y utilidad clínica. El uso de herramientas estructuradas mejora la detección del delirium en adultos hospitalizados. Instrumentos como el CAM y el 4AT destacan por su aplicabilidad y rendimiento diagnóstico en entornos hospitalarios generales.
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