Application of FEMA P-154 for the Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Buildings in the El Matal Sector, Jama.

Abstract

The coastal area of El Matal, located in the Jama canton of Manabí Province, faces a high level of seismic risk due to its location in a tectonically active zone. Despite existing regulations and prior efforts to enhance structural resilience, many buildings still do not meet minimum safety standards, thereby increasing the vulnerability of local residents. Consequently, this research aimed to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of buildings in El Matal through the application of FEMA P-154, providing the basis for improved urban planning and seismic engineering measures. The methodology involved a risk assessment based on rapid visual inspections of 93 dwellings, selected using Cochran’s formula. The variables examined included structural typology, building age, and the presence of non-structural damage or geotechnical concerns. The findings indicate that while the majority of the buildings exhibit low or moderate seismic vulnerability, there is a significant subset of structures with serious irregularities and an elevated risk of failure in the event of a major earthquake. In conclusion, the study underscores the urgency of reinforcing older constructions and unreinforced masonry buildings, as well as revising and strengthening seismic codes. Key recommendations include community training initiatives and detailed geotechnical studies to enhance local resilience and support more effective planning.