Species diversity in tropical dry forests of Ecuador: How effective are regenerated ecosystems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/sapientiae.v8i17.013Palabras clave:
Bosque seco tropical, Regeneración asistida, Biodiversidad, Sucesión ecológica, Restauración ecológicaResumen
Los bosques secos tropicales son ecosistemas altamente vulnerables a la degradación, cuya restauración requiere estrategias efectivas de conservación. Este estudio evaluó la biodiversidad de un bosque seco tropical en estado natural y un bosque en regeneración asistida, comparando riqueza de especies, equidad y estructura comunitaria. Se establecieron cuatro parcelas de muestreo, de 20 x 50 metros cada una, en ambos ecosistemas y se analizaron índices de diversidad utilizando iNEXT.4steps y el software PAST. Los resultados muestran que el bosque natural presenta una mayor riqueza de especies (54) en comparación con el bosque regenerado (28), así como una distribución más equitativa de las abundancias. La dominancia de especies pioneras en el bosque regenerado indica que aún se encuentra en una etapa temprana de sucesión ecológica. La extrapolación de diversidad sugiere que el ecosistema restaurado difícilmente alcanzará la complejidad del bosque natural en el mediano plazo. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de estrategias de restauración complementarias, como la introducción de especies tardío-sucesionales, para acelerar la convergencia estructural y funcional. El estudio subraya la necesidad de monitoreos a largo plazo para evaluar la efectividad de la regeneración asistida en bosques secos tropicales y sugiere que enfoques de restauración más integrales podrían mejorar la resiliencia y estabilidad de estos ecosistemas.
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