Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Ciencias Sociales y Trabajo Social ‘‘Tejedora’’: Vol. 5 (Núm. 9) (ene-jun 2022). ISSN: 2697-3626

Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

PATRIARCHY AND THE ROLE OF ACADEMIC WOMEN IN THE FAMILY

PATRIARCADO Y EL ROL DE LA MUJER ACADÉMICA EN LA FAMILIA

1

Poaquiza-Poaquiza Angel Patricio

2

Haro-Lara Aída Patricia

3

Quiroga-López Malena Karina

1

2

Docente Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de

Trabajo Social. Ambato, Ecuador. Correo: angelppoaquizap@uta.edu.ec. ORCID ID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-3861.

Docente Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de

Trabajo Social. Ambato, Ecuador. Correo: ap.haro@uta.edu.ec. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-

472-1365.

1

3

Docente Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de

Trabajo Social. Ambato, Ecuador. Correo: malenakquirogal@uta.edu.ec. ORCID ID:

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-9917.

ABSTRACT:

This study had with objective determinate empowering women to take control over their family in order to change

the unrelenting the role men and the role women. Purposive sampling was use to select academic women (30)

participants. The study use life stories. Life history is a qualitative empirical method of data collection where women

are asked to their life. In this case over a period of time. It is a personal account of their life. The life histories

interpreting the subject reality of academic women reduce in a few lines and few histories. The investigation

demonstrated that the academic women were not subordinate, not refers to the inferior position of women. So the

academic women were not subordination means. The husband and academic women have equal opportunities.

Keywords: Empowerment, legitimacy, man, unemployment, Women.

RESUMEN:

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el empoderamiento de las mujeres para que tomen el control de su

familia con el fin de cambiar el implacable rol de los hombres y el rol de las mujeres. Se utilizó un muestreo

intencional para seleccionar mujeres académicas (30) participantes. El estudio utiliza historias de vida. La historia de

vida es un método empírico cualitativo de recopilación de datos en el que se pregunta a las mujeres sobre su vida.

En este caso durante un período de tiempo. Es un relato personal de su vida. Las historias de vida que interpretan la

realidad temática de las mujeres académicas se reducen en pocas líneas y pocas historias. La investigación demostró

que las mujeres académicas no estaban subordinadas, no se refiere a la posición inferior de las mujeres. Entonces

las mujeres académicas no estaban subordinadas a sus roles familiares. El marido y la mujer académica tienen las

mismas oportunidades.

Palabras Clave: Empoderamiento, legitimación, hombre, desempleo, mujer.

Recibido: 05 de octubre de 2021; Aceptado: 27 de diciembre de 2021; Publicado: 07 de enero de 2022.

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Poaquiza-Poaquiza et al. (2022)

1

. INTRODUCTION

Webster (2015:42) “Patriarchy is the term

preceded the formation of private property

and class society (Saltana, 2016).

used to describe the society in which we live

today, characterised by current and historic

unequal power relations between women

and men whereby women are systematically

disadvantaged and oppressed”.

Patriarchy is a system of society or

government in which the father or eldest

male is head of the family and descent is

reckoned through the male line hence, the

system promotes male privilege. Women are

subordinated and treated as inferior

because they are culturally defined as

inferior. Men however, do not suffer

because femaleness is a devalued and

oppressed phenomenon (Mudau & Obadire,

2017).

Saltana (2010:3) “Regarding the existence

and origin of patriarchy, traditionalists do

believe that men are born to dominate and

women to be subordinate. They believe that

this hierarchy has always existed and will

continue, and like other rules of nature this

one too cannot be changed. There are others

who challenge these beliefs and say that

patriarchy is not natural it is man-made and,

therefore, it can be changed”.

Patriarchy as defined by Walby (1990: 20) is

“a system of social structures and practices

in which men dominate, oppress and exploit

women” and is theorized to be largely

captured across various structures including:

the modes of production; relations in paid

work, relations in cultural institutions, and

relations in the state. These structures are

dynamic and interrelated and can vary in

terms of the degree of oppression as well as

in terms of the manner in which the

oppression is actually institutionalized and

perpetuated (Mudau & Obadire, 2017).

According to Lerner (1989), patriarchy was

not one event but a process developing over

a period of almost 2500 years (from

approximately 3100 BC to 600 BC) and a

number of factors and forces that were

responsible for the establishment of male

supremacy as we see it today. Gerda Lerner

(1989), begins by emphasizing the

importance of women history in women’s

struggle against patriarchy and for equality.

According to her, patriarchy, in fact,

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

There are two main forms of patriarchy:

public patriarchy and private patriarchy.

Where private patriarchy contributes to

gender inequalities within the home, public

patriarchy preserves and perpetuate these

inequalities in employment, education,

organizations and government.

multidimensional and multilevel perspective

that critically reflects on patriarchal

governance structures and the associated

processes that limit women’s perceptions of

opportunities for employment and the

legitimacy of participation in the public

sphere more generally. The patriarchy is

made up of several structures that together

help to fulfill a mission. The components that

work within the patriarchy are considered as

polluting factors for society, because they

According to modern psychology, women’s

biology determines their psychology and,

therefore, their abilities and roles. Sigmund

Freud, for example, stated that for women

anatomy is destiny. In his view, normal

human was male (Freud, 1977).

impose

their

hegemonic

thinking:

androcentric, this thinking has become very

oppressive in the female population and

even with men who are "weak", they were

believed to be inferior (Karam, 2017).

Nussbaum (2013: 8)“Men brought up on the

idea that women belong in the home and are

fitted to be homemakers and reproducers

find it difficult to accept the presence of

women They tend to look at them

condescendingly, thinking of them as

interlopers into a sphere for which their

abilities and training do not fit them.

Attached to the idea that the public sphere

belongs to them, men also may react with

jealous hostility to the presence of women,

which seems as if it must reduce the number

of jobs and opportunities available to men”

The patriarchy is made up of several

structures that together help to fulfill a

mission. The components that work within

the patriarchy are considered as polluting

factors for society, because they impose

their hegemonic thinking: androcentric, this

thinking has become very oppressive in the

female population and even with men who

are "weak", they were believed to be

inferior.

The family as the remarkably biological

human union, that is why biology talks about

the blood ties that exist between human

Female unemployment and argue that it

cannot be fully understood without a

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beings since it relates everything referring to

the fact of descending from each other. The

empowerment of the family is understood as

certain skills that are developed to lead a

family in an effective way, such as situations

in their life, the way they take control of

acts have been committed for the simple

fact that it is governed by cultural factors,

where the man is always the one in

command and It is absolute to access

services, as well as to demand compliance

with their rights, especially in work contexts

(Asiyanbola, 2005).

families. From

a

social perspective,

empowerment sees that the family contains

various competencies; it is possible that

throughout its day to day various

circumstances of the natural environment

may arise (Oliva Gómez & Villa Guardiola,

According to the report released by the

UNESCO in 2008, the patriarchal culture in

Latin America has become one of the main

impediments in the struggle of feminist

organizations to put an end to sexist

violence, that is, that patriarchy is an

extremely firm aspect which does not allow

certain struggles against machismo, so to

speak, to be modified by women who only

need to achieve equal rights. Female

2

014).

The empowerment of the family is

understood as certain skills that are

developed to lead a family in an effective

way, such as situations in their life, the way

they take control of families. From a social

perspective, empowerment sees that the

family contains various competencies; it is

possible that throughout its day to day

various circumstances of the natural

environment may arise

empowerment and public policies,

a

perspective from the social representations

of gender. Public policies aimed at the

similarity of section constitute a necessary

tribute for the saving season, growth and

employment (Camberos, 2011).

Gender-based violence is perpetrated

through social and cultural norms and

traditions that reinforce male-dominated

power structures. This shows that the old

traditional forms, violence by men towards

women is something natural, since these

Male domination has been fully and

universally exercised, making patriarchy see

as a regime which must be followed and not

questioned, reaffirming social structures and

ensuring reproductive activities, which is

based especially on the division of male-

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

female sex where Man is the one who will

political, social, cheap and cultural, among

others. It is in the eighties when it begins to

work with teams of women to provide

advice in international forums and it goes on

to expose actions that allow the effeminate

advance and its insertion in the union

trajectory .The histories of the female

professional ticket through the rumor vary

from entente with each region and with its

evacuations, what is global in the policies of

the international bovine agencies, is the

justice of living in a world with balanced

structures that support and allow there to be

a loan in public policy and economic

flourishing (Mudau & Obadire, 2017).

have the greatest privileges in all areas

Bourdieu, 2000. Female empowerment and

public policies, a perspective from the social

representations of gender. Public policies

aimed at the similarity of section constitute

a necessary tribute for the saving season,

growth and employment (Camberos, 2011).

Said public policies of similarity of goods are

defined as "the collective of intentions and

decisions, objectives and measures adopted

by the public powers, approximately the

improvement of the placement of the lady

and the gender balance between women

and men" Through them, compensatory

measures are developed with the aim of

That is why it is essential to carry out an

economic and social graphology that

identifies the division of responsibility and

responsibilities in the subsidized and private

spaces; the entry and test of means and

knowledge; the legal and social pact;

representations, symbols and perceptions

and the tenth policy; thinking about how

these policies influence both men and

women and the role of organizations and

human capital contractors of these

organizations (Mudau & Obadire, 2017).

charging

the

discriminations

for

understanding of sympathy that limit the

opportunities for men and women to gain

access and develop in similar conditions in

various areas: political, social, cheap and

cultural, among others (Bustelo

Lombardo, 2006).

&

Through them, compensatory measures are

developed with the aim of charging the

discriminations for understanding of

sympathy that limit the opportunities for

men and women to gain access and develop

in similar conditions in various areas:

The division of 1970 marked at international

altitude the place of honor of an information

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stage in the challenge for the similarity

between women and men. The United

Nations Organization (UN) with the imprint

of manufacturing strategies and influence

plans for the anticipation of women

convened the 1st World Conference on

Women, held in Mexico in 1975. Among its

objectives we find: full gender equality and

the discrimination dispute; the integration

and full participation of women in

development (Bonder, 1994).

making a list of various topics (Mudau &

Obadire, 2017).

-

Data collected through life histories.

Thirty women wrote their life. Read and

select eight life histories. Because the

majority of the participants said that

similar histories.

“

At my home we share all responsibilities,

with means protect our children, also my

husband is able to make home labor at the

time. I am teacher in the university”

(Teacher).

2

. METHODOLOGY

The narrative data from unstructured

interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The

method included the following steps:

“Later of fifteen days of born, my husband

took care of the baby. He cares until the child

was five years. When he went to primary

school” (Worker women).

-

The narrative data from unstructured

inter-views were analyzed qualitatively

by using open coding method as

described. The method included the

following steps: Read-ing through all the

transcripts to get a sense of the whole;

after the researchers had completed the

task for all the interviews, a list was made

of all similar topics and data were

grouped accord-ing to the themes and

sub-themes. Coding involves getting a

sense of the transcribed data and

therefore, picking emerg- ing themes and

“I got the authority role while my son was an

adult and has his family; fact that was an

inspiration to complete my goal of been a

successful women” (Retired women).

“I learned how to be a successful woman

because my father inspiration. He always

use a powerful speech to convince me of

not been afraid and be able to take all risks.

That is why. I always am lieder in all my jobs.

I had the role of assigning activities for male

workers” (Lieder woman).

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

“

I grew as a family daughter which means my

it grants social existence, and existence is a

requirement for self-worth and for

vindication”At the same time, it denounces

daily routines were related to home labor as

cooking and cleaning. In thru I always feel

over protected by my father and brothers

because of my sex. Later i had the

opportunity to get marry and my husband

helped me to develop my goals. He

supported me to study education and

become teacher. Therefore my dream was

to become doctor, but I never had my

parents support. Any way now that I got a

family and a carrier. I feel I feel, I a complete

woman” (Complete woman).

the subordination of women as

a

constitutive aspect of a social system:

patriarchy, a concept that connects the

situation of women in the family with social

relations of domination.

The autonomy of women in the different

spheres of life has been restricted in part,

because the patriarchal system is built on

this subordination to guarantee the

autonomy of men. The man is located as the

head of the household and has the social,

legal and economic representation of it as

well as of the members that make it up, in

the public world

“While I was young I got marry with a man

with a strong patriarchal though. So I had to

adapt my goals to his expectations. In that

situation I decided to divorce and that was a

new begging for my life. Now I am successful

and I have a coupe that supports my aims”

According to several authors who refer to

Kate Millett 1970, they fall back on the

affirmation that the concept of patriarchy

constitutes the explanatory framework of

multiple oppressions and unjust situations of

social discrimination as a result of the fact

that this concept is a political system that is

built on a structure of relationships. of

power of one sex over another, in this case

of the man over the woman (Tamrat,

Manamperi, & Lihinikadu, 2015).

(Divorce women).

“I life my parents because my brother get

marry. But my father always support my

professional develop therefore my mother

still discuses my leadership” (Single woman).

Fries (2018: 42) He made mention of Jelin

1

996 to determine that “Feminism makes

women visible as well as their contribution in

society because by “recognizing and naming

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This framing meant a letter in the guise in

which women were perceived. From an

external belief that classified them as

passive recipients of moorings and audience,

they passed to another that placed them in

uniformity with man, with the same taxes on

goods and opportunities. This initiated the

splitting of the custom agendas of the

following three World Conferences:

Copenhagen 1980; Nairobi, 1985 and

Beijing, 1995. In the mid-eighties, the

character adjustment emerged at the time

focused on aspects such as female

empowerment as a possibility of school

asymmetries between men and women. The

division of the apr 90s was decisive for the

visit of the urgency to list women in the

estimation of decision making on various

aspects of fruiting. Particularly noteworthy

are the results achieved in Beijing, by

focusing hope on the rudiments of

merchandise and the reevaluation of the

entire structure of the institute and the

relationships between its members

marking that it is the judgment by which

ruler ship and expertise are earned,

developed, taken, or facilitated. The

packaging as it considers is found in the joint

that stars in its true empowerment and not

in a leading entity that confers aptitude to

others. We emphasize on future ratification:

empowering women to fully participate in all

sectors and at all levels of the economic

battle is essential for creating strong

economies; load business practices and

objectives, improve the quality of energy of

women, men, families and communities;

arbitrate more stable and just societies; and

the internationally agreed human tariff,

sustainability and grana zoon objectives

appear. In this lies the summit of feminine

empowerment, which manifests itself as a

cause that, in turn, incorporates the results

of this and expanding its wealth to the

athenaeum (Aguayo & Lamelas, 2012).

The lack of access to services and the

absence of decision-making power in their

homes and communities limit their capacity

for action. This aspect is fundamental, since

the evidence shows that, when they have

the power to, for example, choose where to

invest the income of their domestic

economy; they do so in the education and

(Ademiluka, 2018).

The performance of the decade of socio-

economic empowerment in education can

be considered relatively new. Durston offers

a compilation of his different definitions by

34

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

health of their children. This means that

objectives, improve the quality of energy of

women, men, families and communities;

arbitrate more stable and just societies; and

the internationally agreed human tariff,

sustainability and grana zoon objectives

appear. In this lies the summit of feminine

empowerment, which manifests itself as a

cause that, in turn, incorporates the results

of this and expanding its wealth to the

athenaeum (Aguayo & Lamelas, 2012).

investing in the empowerment of women is

investing in future generations (CODESPA,

2

017).

That familiar internal dynamics has been

understood on the reviewed researches, as

the environment that the family builds, and

roles as roles assumed by the subjects

individually from family status (Viveros,

2

010).

Patriarchy is considered as a component for

the formation of the State, through an

apparatus protected by justice, norms, laws

and beliefs, translated into the slavery of

women, reflected especially: at work, work

environment and invisible in the various

types of violence. Therefore it responds to a

political power.

3

. RESULTS

In the stories about the origins of the social

and political organization system, it is linked

to some roles that were presented within

the family and society and here it could be

said that the power if found the patriarchy

that was an origin where the family nucleus

it was dominated by a male and women

were kept indoors, but not in control.

Patriarchy is a power that can control an

economic, ideological, political system,

whether public or private (Fontenla, 2008).

Consequently, all the power and authority

within the family, the society and the state

remain entirely in the hands of men. So, due

to patriarchy, women were deprived of their

legal rights and opportunities patriarchal

values restrict women’s mobility. But the

investigation demonstrated that the

academic women were not subordinate, not

refers to the inferior position of women. So

We emphasize on future ratification:

empowering women to fully participate in all

sectors and at all levels of the economic

battle is essential for creating strong

economies; load business practices and

the

academic

women

were

not

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subordination means. The husband and

academic women have equal opportunities.

Male violence against women is also a key

feature of patriarchy. Women in minority

groups face multiple oppressions in this

society, as race, class and sexuality intersect

with sexism for example.

Concerning paid work and the support of

other for them to seek employment

referenced these structures as primarily

hard to access, unsupportive, segregationist

and undervalued and even aggressively

discriminator

Sources of social fragmentation are the

inequalities marked throughout history,

especially by patriarchy. This aspect has

been confronted in part by the incorporation

of women into the workplace.

An

4

. DISCUSSION

incorporation whose effects have been felt

in wide territories of society, but with special

emphasis on the family and its natural

function of reproduction of the population

“

While Max Weber connected patriarchy to

the system of production and oppression in

society. Introduced by the colonial leaders is

obtained through violating the laws of

nature and practicing violence against

women as she examines the position of

women in relation to nature” (Weber,1993).

(Casares, 2008).

There were many studies for example:

Tamrat, Manamperi, & Lihinikad (2015:

3

8)Understanding the Nature and Scope of

Ademiluka (2018:1) This article assesses the

correlation between patriarchy and violence

against women. The article suggests in these

contexts, it is not all men are who are

perpetrators of women abuse; rather, there

is evidence of female perpetrators of sexual

violence against men. Being accustomed to

domestic violence from youth and low socio-

economic status are also causes of women

abuse”.

Patriarchy in Sri Lanka: How Does it Operate

in the Institution of Marriage? Women do

have their inherent birth right to all

opportunities just as men do. Goonesekere

(2012) emphasized that the Sri Lankan

society needs advocacy, path to

a

understand social changes and challenge the

traditional ideologies that justifies inequality

and discrimination against women in the

fabric of culture

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

Ademiluka (2018:1) “Women abuse is often

following three World Conferences:

Copenhagen 1980; Nairobi, 1985 and

Beijing, 1995 (Anand & Sen, 1995).

blamed on patriarchy; in other words,

maltreating women is claimed to be an

inherent feature of every patriarchal culture.

A common trait of a patriarchal culture is

that it rates women lower than men in

status, and concomitantly, women are

oppressed by men in patriarchal cultures”.

Patriarchy is considered as a component for

the formation of the State.

In the mid-eighties, the character

adjustment emerged at the time focused on

aspects such as female empowerment as a

possibility of school asymmetries between

men and women. The division of the apr 90s

was decisive for the visit of the urgency to

list women in the estimation of decision

making on various aspects of fruiting.

Particularly noteworthy are the results

achieved in Beijing, by focusing hope on the

rudiments of merchandise and the

reevaluation of the entire structure of the

institute and the relationships between its

members (Batliwala, 1997).

In the stories about the origins of the social

and political organization system, it is linked

to some roles that were presented within

the family and society and here it could be

said that the power if found the patriarchy

that was an origin where the family nucleus

it was dominated by a male and women

were kept indoors, but not in control.

Patriarchy is a power that can control an

economic, ideological, political system,

whether public or private, (Fontenla, 2008).

The performance of the decade of socio-

economic empowerment in education can

be considered relatively new. Durston offers

a compilation of his different definitions by

marking that it is the judgment by which

ruler ship and expertise are earned,

developed, taken, or facilitated. The

packaging as it considers is found in the joint

that stars in its true empowerment and not

in a leading entity that confers aptitude to

others (Durston, 2000).

This framing meant a letter in the guise in

which women were perceived. From an

external belief that classified them as

passive recipients of moorings and audience,

they passed to another that placed them in

uniformity with man, with the same taxes on

goods and opportunities. This initiated the

splitting of the custom agendas of the

37

Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Ciencias Sociales y Trabajo Social ‘‘Tejedora’’: Vol. 5 (Núm. 9) (ene-jun 2022). ISSN: 2697-3626

Poaquiza-Poaquiza et al. (2022)

We emphasize on future ratification:

empowering women to fully participate in all

sectors and at all levels of the economic

battle is essential for creating strong

economies; load business practices and

objectives, improve the quality of energy of

women, men, families and communities;

arbitrate more stable and just societies; and

the internationally agreed human tariff,

sustainability and grana zoon objectives

appear. In this lies the summit of feminine

empowerment, which manifests itself as a

cause that, in turn, incorporates the results

of this and expanding its wealth to the

athenaeum (Aguayo & Lamelas, 2012).

as the environment that the family builds,

and the roles as the roles assumed by the

subjects individually based on the status that

a family has established.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Patriarchy is the prime obstacle to women’s

advancement and development. But in the

academic woman the nature of this control

may differ. It is necessary to understand the

system. For example: Patriarchal society

gives absolute priority to men and to some

extent limits women’s human rights also.

The investigation describes the power

relationship between women because your

family is the result of joint action of men and

women. There are authorities women in the

university. This system undermines women’s

position.

The lack of access to services and the

absence of decision-making power in their

homes and communities limits their capacity

for action. This aspect is fundamental, since

the evidence shows that, when they have

the power to, for example, choose where to

invest the income of their domestic

economy, they do so in the education and

health of their children. This means that

investing in the empowerment of women is

investing in future generations. (CODESPA,

Some of the women mentioned that is very

important your family but is very important

your work. Your husband’s are part of their

projects labors. All the academic women

studied four levels. The studies school, high

school, university.

2

017)

The internal family dynamics has been

understood in the reviewed investigations,

38

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Patriarchy and the role of academic women in the family

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