Revista Científica y Arbitrada de Ciencias Sociales y Trabajo Social ‘‘Tejedora’’: Vol. 4 (Núm. 7) (ene-jun 2021). ISSN: 2697-3626

Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK AND ITS REPERCUSSION ON THE COMPREHENSIVE CARE OF

ELDERLY PEOPLE

TRABAJO SOCIAL COMUNITARIO Y SU REPERCUSIÓN EN LA ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL DE LAS

PERSONAS ADULTAS MAYORES

Tuárez-Sánchez Enny ¹

1

Máster en Trabajo Social. Los Ríos, Ecuador. ennyta44@hotmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-

5

246-3483

ABSTRACT:

The objective of this work was to make a theoretical and practical analysis, on the role of the social worker, in the

field of intervention of the elderly, at the same time as it is to know the satisfaction of this priority group with the

work performed by community workers during the COVID 19 pandemic, where two variables have been discussed,

one of them related to community social work, and within it intervention in support networks, family and state co-

responsibility, and the other related to Empathy. Development of skills, technical aids, family co-responsibility,

motivation for the comprehensive care of older adults in the Valencia Province of Los Ríos Canton, during the period

2019-2020, for which we have relied on various theories to understand the social problem.

Keywords: Community Social Work, Empathy, Communication, Motivation, support network, family co-

responsibility.

RESUMEN:

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue hacer un análisis teórico y práctico, sobre el papel del Trabajador

Social, en ámbito de la intervención de las personas adultas mayores, a la vez que se trata de conocer la satisfacción

de este grupo prioritario con el trabajo desempeñado por los Trabajadores Sociales Comunitarios durante la

pandemia del COVID 19, tratando dos variables una de ellas relacionadas con el Trabajo Social comunitario, y

dentro de ella la intervención en redes de apoyo, y corresponsabilidad familia y estado y en la otra temas

relacionados con la Empatía. Desarrollo de habilidades, ayudas técnicas, la corresponsabilidad familiar, la motivación

para la atención integral de las personas adultas mayores en el Cantón Valencia Provincia de los Ríos, durante el

período 2019-2020, se basa en varias teorías para entender la problemática social.

Palabras Clave: Trabajo Social Comunitario, Empatía, Comunicación, Motivación, red de apoyo, corresponsabilidad

familiar.

Recibido: 28 de septiembre de 2020; Aceptado: 04 de enero de 2021; Publicado: 08 de enero de 2021.

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1

. INTRODUCTION

This research was carried out through an

analysis of Social Work in Latin America, in

Ecuador and especially the Canton of

Valencia Province of Los Ríos, which has

allowed me to inquire about community

Social Work and the empathy that exists

with older adults, to understand the feelings

and emotions, experiencing objectively and

rationally within family relationships,

conflicts and family co-responsibility in the

context of the community.

especially with older adults who are more

vulnerable and provide comprehensive care,

which guarantees a better quality of life.

One of the actions or strategies is the

articulation with the support networks that

help the community Social Worker, to

assume a commitment with society through

the intervention of the elderly so that they

can stand out from the emotional and

psychological crisis that thinking involves

that could be infected in the context of the

health crisis of COVID 19, which will help

guarantee comprehensive care.

"

This approach to intervention, during the

life cycle of the elderly, is very important and

it must be given in a dynamic and flexible

way" (Navarro, 2016, p. 215).

Carrying out activities together with the

families aimed at improving their balance

and emotional security that will help them

maintain their autonomy in the performance

of their duties without leaving family co-

responsibility behind.

In the province of Los Ríos and within the

Canton of Valencia, those who carry out

community Social Work are men and women

dedicated to social service work, hired to

work in social programs and services for

attention to priority groups, as is the case of

older adults.

For this research, 206 older adults have been

surveyed. The data obtained allowed us to

know the level of satisfaction with the

services or care programs offered by the

State for the elderly, specifically in the

framework of the COVID 2019 health

emergency.

In the face of the COVID 19 crisis, a great

social, family and community problem has

arisen, where the social worker must take on

new challenges, and carry out actions and

mediation strategies, for intervention,

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

"

Through alternative and transformative

proposals that contain creativity and social

commitment, which foster good

Valencia, Los Ríos province, from technical

aids, psychological support, and emergency

care, during the COVID pandemic 19.

a

relationship between the professional and

the elderly within the framework of their

rights." (Quezada, Rojas, & Sepúlveda, 2018,

p. 34)

Prior to this, the following specific objectives

are formulated:

•

Knowing the empowerment of

Community Social Work in the face of

stimulation of the integral society in

support of the elderly.

To establish the problem, the following

problem is formulated: How does

community

Social

Work

affect

•

Know how the motivation of the

Community Social Worker influences

the comprehensive care of the elderly.

Know how the development of skills of

comprehensive care for older adults in the

Canton of Valencia, Los Ríos province during

COVID 19?

This urges to establish an approach to the

problem, showing that community Social

Work is one of the fields that carries out the

greatest interventions, in the Canton of

Valencia, where it is known that the

community of Social Workers has shown

since the beginning of the pandemic that

people Older adults are more vulnerable,

therefore, they need the participation of

Social Work professionals, adopting

measures within the time of quarantine.

the

Community

Social

Worker

influences the comprehensive care of

Older Adults.

•

Analyze relationships and family co-

responsibility and how it influences the

comprehensive care of the Elderly.

Among the description, the methodology

used was through a mixed quali-quantitative

approach, because a population of 445 older

adults from the Canton of Valencia, Los Ríos

Province was taken. This study corresponds

to a correlational court where we want to

know the satisfaction with the services

provided by community Social Work.

Given the above, the general objective is

proposed, which is: Establish the impact of

community Social Work on comprehensive

care for older adults in the Canton of

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When

establishing

the

theoretical

basic provisions and social care" (2020, p.

11).

fundamental part, it is important to know

what Cevallos affirms that “the Social

Worker is an intervener who allows the

active participation of its members to be

promoted from the community, it is also

within their functions to be that

management bridge between users and

institutions between resources and needs

What the WHO mentions is emphasized,

that social and community work are the set

of social determinants, related both to the

social context and to the processes by which

social conditions translate into health

consequences.

Regarding the interventions carried out

through the community empowerment of

the Social Worker, Becerril states:

"

(2018, p. 33)

Social Work is the one who deals with

knowing the causes and effects of social

problems, in this case focused on the priority

attention of older adults than due to

confinement. by COVID 19 are exposed and

vulnerable to contagion, prior to this,

community Social Work must go hand in

hand with networking, which can be made

up of family, friends, and community social

actors, in search of solution strategies,

exchanging ideas or information that help

solve problems or situations that affect the

lives of older adults.

Sustained collaboration with older adults to

increase awareness about rights, the

creation of safe spaces (reception centers),

run by the community, the training of

different groups that determine the diversity

of services to be provided. (2017, p. 58)

Due to the aforementioned, it is important

to know that currently older people

constantly interact with the health care

system, prior to this it is important to

establish measurable parameters of

protection through interventions by the

Social Worker to face situations of violation

of their human rights by the COVID 19

pandemic.

However, the WHO insists that it must be

ensured that "older people are protected

from Covid-19 without being isolated,

stigmatized, left in a situation of greater

vulnerability or without being able to access

When referring to the motivation of the

community Social Worker, Gómez affirms

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

that “it should be considered as a form of

practical intervention that requires

cared for and must consider at least creating

a demographic database of the most

vulnerable people with catastrophic

illnesses, with details of their ongoing

treatments and medications.

a

theoretical and knowledge base that is more

sociological than psychological, unlike what

happens in other levels of Labor

intervention. Social" (2016, p. 06)

The professional in Social Work due to the

fact of belonging to a humanistic profession,

where López y Merino affirms that:

In the case of older adults, the intervention

of the Community Social Worker can directly

influence the comprehensive care of older

adults, raising awareness collectively, where

the difficulties involved in solving problems

that may arise in the experiences of

individuals, groups, and communities.

He must put into practice his skills and

knowledge acquired, taking into account the

ethics as a professional in the branch of

social sciences, obtained during his training

and experience for the adequate care of the

elderly population. (2015, p. 75)

It is important to know that comprehensive

care for the elderly should have priority

attention, where the National Service for the

Elderly (SENAMA) states that “national and

local governments are preparing guides

based on what is currently known about

COVID 19, in order to help household

members, prepare for the transmission of

the virus " (2020, p. 61)

To increase the autonomy of dependent

older adults, it is essential, on some

occasions, to resort to technical aids, which

are coordinated with institutions such as the

Ministry of Public Health (MSP), and the

Manuela Espejo mission.

Social Worker skills, framed in helping older

adults focused on the work of helping

individuals, families, groups, organizations,

and communities so that they can make their

own informed decisions to protect integrity,

where they can establish various skills that

allow intervention to determine the status of

The need to create emergency plans and

continually reinforce prevention measures.

In the case of older adults, one of the most

relevant instruments is the emergency plan

of the people who receive care, which must

be adjusted to the needs of the person being

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older adults, manage conflicts that may

(family, institutions, community). (Nieto,

2018, p. 94)

arise, contribute to solving problems.

Flores, García and Calsina (2018) present

evidence of "the effectiveness of the

experiential model for the development of

social and interpersonal skills, including

empathy with the use of experiences as

context and support for behavioral and

cognitive procedures and techniques" (p.

At present, there is a trend towards holistic

work, the new configuration of the field

requires it, a greater participation of older

adults in their spaces of social interaction.

According to article 36 of the Constitution of

the Republic of Ecuador: “Older adults will

receive priority and specialized attention in

the public and private spheres, especially in

the fields of social and economic inclusion,

1

4).

Regarding work with the community and

social support networks, a Person-Centered

Comprehensive Attention Model should be

established, highlighting two components to

improve the quality of life of people in a

situation of dependency; integrity and

orientation to the person.

and

protection

against

violence.

(Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador,

2008).

What the Magna Carta indicates is rescued

of the State that establishes public policies

and care projects for the elderly, and in

particular must adopt actions that allow care

to be carried out in the centers of

specialization for the elderly, which must

prioritize their health, education and care.

Social Work aims to intervene in the

responsibility between the person and their

environment.

The intervention of the Social Worker must

comply with the requirements demanded in

the social treatment of the elderly, since it

When referring to family co-responsibility it

is necessary to know that "the family is the

fundamental cell of society and as such must

provide support to all its members" (Arias,

2018, p. 64). Consequently, it can be known

that Gómez y Jiménez is “important in the

offers

a

comprehensive therapeutic

response in the problem of: prevention,

promotion and assistance (not only in the

satisfaction of basic needs of interaction

between individuals and the environment

establishment

of

adequate

family

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

relationships, it is important for all people;

but for the elderly it acquires a special

character "(2015, p. 104). Feeling needed,

cared for and protected within the family are

predictors of active aging.

In this research project the inductive and

analytical method was applied to analyze

and associate qualitative research.

Surveys were applied as a collection

instrument based on

a questionnaire

It is important to dedicate quality time and

warmth to our elderly, generating an

environment of assertive communication

and enhancing the rapprochement between

all the generations that live in the home.

prepared by the Lcda. Enny Mercedes Tuárez

Sánchez, in the research work and the

application of semi-structured interviews to

professionals in the area of Social Work.

The tools used were a questionnaire by the

Microsoft Forms system composed of closed

questions, and the application of an

interview.

2

. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present research work had a mixed

approach, which establishes a qualitative-

quantitative investigation, the same one

that aims to collect data based on the

acquired qualities of several individuals and

the necessary quantities established in a

population approach, which consists of

going to the particularities of the results of

interviews and surveys.

Since the research was based on the analysis

of the level of influence that community

Social Work has and its impact on the

comprehensive care of the elderly, a data

analysis was developed using the SPSS

software, which allowed determining the

relationship of the variables and indicators.

The population was 445 older adults

according to data presented by the Services

The type of research was descriptive and

exploratory, because the objective of this

research was studied, and the relationship

between the variables was determined by

applying statistical and analytical data.

for Older Adults, where

a

simple

probabilistic sample formula was applied

that results in 206 people to be surveyed and

3

professionals in the area of Social Work.

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3

. RESULTS

in ages 70 to 80 mention fully agree and

finally 25.3% of older adults affirm to agree.

Within the results obtained through the

instruments, it was possible to verify the

specific objective that tries to know the

empowerment of the Community Social

Worker in the face of stimulation of the

integral society as support to the elderly,

where they are presented in questions 7 and

Table 2. Activities carried out by the Community

Social Worker to improve integral development.

6

5 to 70

years

1

00.0%

, 0%

8

of the survey and question 4 of the

70 to 80

years

8

7

2.6% 27.4%

interview.

0 to 90

years

,

0%

89.8% 10.2%

, 0% , 0%

Table 1. Community Social Work is a support in

your experience when you are in confinement.

Over 90

years old

Total

,

100.0% , 0%

,5% , 0%

63.1% 34.0% 2.4%

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos

It was found that 100% of people surveyed

between 65 and 70 years of age claim to be

in complete agreement, as well as 100% of

those over 90 years of age affirm to disagree,

in the same way 89.8% in ages of 80 At 90

years of age, they mention that they agree

and 72.6% of those between 70 and 80 years

of age consider they totally agree with the

activities carried out by the Community

Social Worker.

6

7

8

5 to 70 years

0 to 80 years 74.7%

0 to 90 years , 0%

100%

, 0%

25.3%

91.8%

, 0%

8.2%

, 0% , 0%

Over 90 years

old

Total

,

0%

, 0%

100.0% , 0% , 0%

2.4% , 0% , 0%

64.1%

33.5%

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos

It is observed that 100% of the people

surveyed between 65 and 70 years of age

totally agree that the Community Social

Worker is a support in their experience,

however, 100% over 90 years old affirm that

they neither agree nor disagree, However,

In the interview applied to the Social

Worker, she responds that in the face of the

action in the empowerment of the

Community Social Worker in the face of

stimulation of the integral society in support

9

1.8% in ages 80 to 90 refer to agree, 74.7%

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

of the elderly, they act in different ways not

only with the users but for the welfare of the

families, for example the arrangements for

medical care, ambulances if required,

stimulating activities that cover the

biopsychosocial spheres of the elderly.

over the age of 90 affirm they totally

disagree, in the same way 87.8% of older

adults from 80 to 90 years old agree, 72.6%

totally agree.

Similarly, the Social Workers interviewed

responded that their vocation in this type of

work should be inspired by the simple fact of

serving the most vulnerable, where they

dedicate themselves with care in their

activities to the older adults of the

community.

Consequently, the objective can be verified

that allows knowing the motivation of the

Social Worker and the influence on the

comprehensive care of the elderly, who are

represented in it to next table.

Table 3. Actions carried out by the Social

Regarding the objective that allows knowing

the development of the skills of the

Community Social Worker and the influence

on the comprehensive care of the elderly,

the results presented in the following table

can be seen:

Worker.

6

7

8

5 to 70

years

0 to 80

years

0 to 90

years

Over 90

years old

Total

1

00.0%

, 0%

7

2.6% 27.4%

Table 4. Skills possessed by the Social Worker in

dealing with problems related to the pandemic.

,

0%

87.8% 10.2% 2.0%

,

, 0%

, 0% 100.0%

,5% ,5%

63.1% 33.5% 2.4%

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos.

6

7

8

5 to 70

years

0 to 80

years

0 to 90

years

1

00.0%

2.6% 27.4%

0%

, 0%

1

00% of older adults surveyed from 65 to 70

7

years of age fully agree with the actions

carried out by the Social Worker, carried out

with motivation by using technical aids,

psychological support and emergency care,

during the COVID pandemic 19, while 100%

,

85.7% 14.3%

Over 90

years old

Total

, 0%

100.0%

,5%

, 0%

63.1% 33.0% 3.4%

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos

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Over 90

years old

Total

1

00% of adults over 65 to 70 years of age,

,

0%

, 0%

100%

9.2%

45.1% 25.2% 13.1% 7.3%

who affirm that they fully agree that the

Social Worker has the necessary skills to

address problems that may arise during the

COVID 19 pandemic, while another 100% of

Adults over 90 years of age state that they

totally disagree, while 85.7% respond to

agree, while 72.6% refer to totally disagree

and 27.4% agree. The Social Workers

interviewed mention that it is important to

nourish oneself through training to face a

virus that only seeks to disturb the mind and

healthy physical state of the elderly, where

they directly apply the necessary skills to

prioritize attention to problems that may

arise in situations that are clearly family

decisions. Consequently, it is possible to

verify the objective that allows to analyze

the relationships and family co-responsibility

and the influence on the comprehensive

care of the elderly, as shown below.

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos.

It can be seen that there is 100% of older

adults between the ages of 65 and 70 years

where they affirm that very frequently the

activities carried out by Community Social

Workers in the family contribute to

emergent care during the COVID 19

pandemic, while Another 100% of adults

over 90 years of age consider that never,

however 36.7% in ages 80 to 90 say never

and 33.7% of adults over 70 to 80 years of

age, express that very frequently the

activities carried out by Community Social

Workers in the family contribute to

emergent care during the pandemic.

Table 6. Co-responsibility of the family in tasks

entrusted by the Social Worker.

Table 5. Activities carried out by Community Social

Workers in emergency care during the pandemic.

6

7

8

5 to 70

years

0 to 80

years

0 to 90

years

1

00%

, 0%

3

6.8% 55.8% 7.4%

,

0%

, 0%

26.5% 32.7% 40.8%

Over 90

years old

Total

,

, 0%

100%

6

7

8

5 to 70

years

0 to 80

years

0 to 90

years

1

00%

3.7% 54.7% 11.6%

0% , 0%

, 0%

46.6% 25.7% 9.7%

7.8% 10.2%

3

Source: Older adults of the Canton Valencia,

province of Los Ríos.

,

32.7% 30.6% 36.7%

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

1

00% of older adults over 90 affirm that their

adults over 90 years of age affirm not agree

or disagree, however a large part of older

adults mention that they totally agree with

the activities carried out by the Community

Social Worker to improve their integral

development, consequently professionals in

the area of Social Work respond that they act

in different ways not only with users but for

the welfare of families.

family is never responsible for the tasks

entrusted by the Social Worker, however,

1

00% in ages 65 to 70 affirm that very

frequently, while 55.8 % of adults older than

0 to 80 years old answer that frequently

7

and 36.8% answer that the family very

frequently performs the assigned tasks.

As for the professionals interviewed, they

make reference that the family is the

fundamental basis of support and

responsibility in the face of the vulnerability

of the elderly, where when there are people

trained to guide families in the tasks that

must be carried out, co-responsibility is

important for the integration of families,

because they play one of the most

fundamental roles in any social process,

within any modality of care, prior to this it is

appreciated that a large part of the families

do all the activities and tasks.

Given the community empowerment of

Social Worker Becerril (2017), affirms that

sustained collaboration with older adults

should increase awareness about rights, the

creation of safe spaces (reception centers),

run by the community, training of different

groups that determine the diversity of

services to be provided, or the tasks of

dissemination and protection.

Given the results, it is important that the

Social Worker take the necessary actions to

protect the integrity of the elderly, this with

the direct contribution of the participation

of government entities, establishing

parameters to measure the need and degree

of intervention, in the face of confinement

by COVID 19.

4

. DISCUSSION

Regarding the empowerment of the

Community Social Worker in the face of the

stimulus of the integral society in support of

the elderly, they affirm that they fully agree

that the Community Social Worker is a

support in their experience, however, older

Older adults affirm that they fully agree with

the actions carried out by the Social Worker,

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which they carry out with motivation by

using technical aids, psychological support

and emergency care, improving their

comprehensive care during the COVID 19

pandemic.

problems that may arise during the COVID

19 pandemic, while the professionals

surveyed respond that it is important to

nourish oneself through training to face a

virus that only seeks to disturb the mind and

healthy physical state of the elderly, where

they directly apply the necessary skills to

prioritize the pay attention to problems that

may arise.

Gómez (2016) refers to the motivation of the

Social Worker as a form of practical

intervention that requires a theoretical and

knowledge base that is more sociological

than psychological, unlike what happens in

other levels of intervention.

López and Merino (2015) mention that the

Social Worker must put into practice their

acquired skills and knowledge, for the

adequate care of the elderly population,

taking into account the needs and interests

of the old age stage.

The motivation that the Social Worker has,

to face problems of social, psychosocial,

family, emotional reason or of any kind that

threaten the integrity of vulnerable people,

they have through their training, acting as a

mediator in the events that may arise in this

case in the care and attention of the elderly,

allowing to safeguard the integrity, who

currently carry out a greater intervention to

determine the status due to confinement by

COVID 19.

Regarding the results and the theory

described, it is evident that the Social

Worker exercises his labor actions applying

his

abilities,

creating,

designing,

coordinating activities to improve the

integral development of the older adults.

Regarding family co-responsibility, older

adults affirm that very frequently the

activities carried out by Community Social

Workers in the family contribute to the

emergency care during the COVID 19

pandemic, however, they refer to the fact

that their families are never responsible. of

It is possible to know the results presented

in question 11 of the applied survey and

question

6

of the interview with

professionals, that older adults affirm that

they fully agree that the Social Worker has

the necessary skills to attend to the

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Community social work and its repercussion on the comprehensive care of elderly people

the tasks entrusted by the Social Worker to

improve their comprehensive care.

using technical aids, psychological

support and emergency care, improving

their comprehensive care during the

COVID 19 pandemic, however, it was

appreciated that there is a low rate of

older adults who do not receive the

necessary care during this stage of

confinement.

Gómez and Jiménez (2015) affirm that it is

important for families to show interest in the

activities carried out to protect the integral

state of the elderly, where they need more

attention due to their limitations.

It was found that not all the relatives of older

adults carry out the activities designated by

Community Social Workers, since they often

lack the time or financial resources to

improve their comprehensive development

based on care, but they do apply support in

the internal relationships.

3

.

The Social Worker has the necessary

skills to attend to the problems that may

arise during the COVID 19 pandemic,

however, they consider that it is

important to nourish themselves through

training to face a virus that only seeks to

disturb the mind and the healthy physical

state of people older adults.

5

.CONCLUSIONS

Older adults fully agree that the

4

.

Family co-responsibility in older

1

.

adults was observed to be carried out in a

normal way despite the fact that several

families do not carry out the activities

recommended by Community Social

Workers, destabilizing the fundamental

base of support and responsibility in the

face of the vulnerability of older adults

during the phase of confinement by

COVID 19.

Community Social Worker is a support in

their experience, because they act in

various ways not only with the users but

for the well-being of the families, in the

arrangements

for

medical

care,

ambulances if required, stimulating

activities that cover the biopsychosocial

spheres of the elderly.

2

.

Older adults feel satisfied with the

actions carried out by the Social Worker,

which they carry out with motivation by

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Tuárez-Sánchez. (2021)

LIMITATIONS

elderly according to the range of

intervention and mediation that will be

applied, having to induce more

government actions to prioritize care and

direct attention.

The limitations that could arise in the

research development, was to establish

parameters for the inquiry and application of

the surveys to the elderly, despite them the

minimum help was obtained from the

families for the gathering of information,

however, it was also complicated because

not all had access to the internet or did not

know how to use a device, much less answer

the questionnaire.

4. Establish talks and community

programs that are aimed at the families of

older adults, indicating that participation

is necessary to maintain a better

environment and care for older adults,

being vigilant about their health,

nutrition, care for their integral

development.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1

.

Plans should be established

according to the range of care that each

elderly person should receive, which

must be analyzed by each Social Worker

to consider the people at greatest risk

from the contagion of COVID 19.

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