FINIBUS Scientific Journal - Engineering, Industry and Architecture

Analysis of methodologies used in energy management systems and their indicators.

Victor Andrés Maldonado Guillén — 2025-01-24

This article presents a comparative analysis of several energy models with the aim of identifying key phases in the definition of energy performance indicators. The methodology used is qualitative and is organized into four phases: comparative analysis of energy models, identification of pre-indicator definition activities, analysis of internal and external factors influencing the organization, and finally, a detailed study of energy indicators. Common characteristics were identified across the different models analyzed, highlighting the importance of internal factors, such as operational processes, and external factors, such as energy regulations, in defining the indicators. The analysis allowed for the proposal of a set of standard phases and optimal practices to define indicators that are robust, adaptable, and aligned with the strategic and regulatory needs of organizations.

Analysis, by simulation, of the electrical and mechanical behavior of a three-phase synchronous generator under load

José Julián Muñoz-Sánchez — 2025-01-24

This study analyzes the electrical and mechanical behavior of a 20 KVA, 460V, 1800 RPM three-phase synchronous generator under different load conditions by means of Simulink simulation. Three main scenarios were evaluated: resistive, inductive and capacitive balanced loads. The results show that, with purely resistive loads, the system maintains unity power factor, reaching a total active power of 20.2 kW distributed equally among the three phases with currents of approximately 25A per phase. With inductive and capacitive loads, characteristic lags of 1.942 milliseconds were observed between voltage and current, with positive and negative reactive powers, respectively. By varying the rotor speed from 1800 to 1500 RPM, a reduction in frequency from 60 to 50 Hz was observed, with a noticeable decrease in active power and changes in the reactive power ratio. The results provide valuable information for the operation and control of synchronous generators in industrial electrical systems.

Salvage and rescue technologies for tuna vessels at sea. A study of new emergency solutions

Melvin Andrés Pazmiño-Moreira — 2025-01-24

The primary objective was to identify effective solutions for salvage and rescue technology for deep-sea tuna vessels of the Manta fishing fleet to enhance crew safety and improve operational efficiency, particularly in the port city of Manta, Ecuador. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving data collection through interviews with rescue technology experts and surveys with captains and crew members. Additionally, an analysis of past incidents and relevant statistics was conducted to identify key limitations and challenges. The findings revealed that outdated rescue equipment and insufficient training are major constraints. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as aerial drones, autonomous vehicles, satellite technology systems, and telemedicine were identified as viable solutions. Finally, the implementation of these technologies, along with a robust training and awareness program, was found to be technically, practically, and economically feasible, with an estimated ROI of 13.91%. It is concluded that modernizing rescue equipment and adopting emerging technologies can significantly enhance the safety and operational efficiency of Manta’s tuna vessels.

Obtaining ethyl alcohol from cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) harvested in the Canuto Parish – Manabí

Carlos Renato Palacios-Castro — 2025-01-24

The present study focused on the production of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) from cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz), analyzing the yield and volume of ethanol under different processing, fermentation, and distillation conditions. A 30% (w/v) starch solution extracted from different varieties of cassava was used, to which two types of enzymes were added for hydrolysis. The hydrolysis was carried out for 24 hours, using alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, and dextrose. The process was divided into three stages: starch extraction, starch hydrolysis, and fermentation of glucose to ethanol. The best treatment was the 30% sweet starch suspension, with a hydrolysis time of 24 hours. During fermentation, slight variations in pH and a gradual decrease in Brix degree values were observed. After distillation, the obtained ethanol reached concentrations above 50% (v/v), with results such as 57% in T1_A with a yield of 12%, 66% in T2_A with a yield of 6.41%, and 70% in T4_A with a yield of 4.73%. Finally, ethanol was obtained from three varieties of cassava with percentages of 66%, 62%, and 47%, demonstrating that cassava is a viable raw material for ethanol production, with potential applications in various industries.

Optimization of the double sealing process in metal containers through the implementation of rollers in RF-4A3 seaming machines.

Edison Ariel Holguín-Cedeño — 2025-01-24

This article addresses the optimization of the double seaming process in metal containers, a key factor in ensuring the quality and safety of packaged products. The study focuses on RF-4A3 closing machines, identifying issues such as poor calibration, wear of seaming rolls, and inadequate maintenance, which negatively impact process efficiency and seal integrity. As a solution, specially designed seaming rolls were implemented to enhance the precision and consistency of the seam. These rolls were manufactured using martensitic steel, a material chosen for its high durability and resistance to wear and were crafted with high-precision machining techniques on CNC lathes, supported by advanced tools such as Mastercam software. This ensured rolls with precise dimensional tolerances and optimal surface finishes. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of wrinkle-free areas in the double seam, highlighting a marked improvement in seam quality. In flat-top cans, the wrinkle-free percentage rose from 46% to 60%, while in easy-open cans, it increased from 43% to 93%. These improvements demonstrate advancements in sealing efficiency and content preservation, establishing this approach as an innovative and replicable practice in the metal packaging industry.

Structural Comparison of Performance Point Using Pushover Method for Three Different Structure Systems

Josué Ernesto Ulcuang- Cabascango — 2025-01-24

The objective of this research is to compare the structure at the point of performance using the Pushover method to three structural systems designed for an 8-story reinforced concrete building. It was carried out through documentary, applied and descriptive research, emphasizing the collection and information of theoretical data for a non-linear static analysis of structures. The main results of the analysis demonstrate that the performance and ductility point of the three seismic structure systems through Pushover analysis must meet the acceptability criteria through the structural capacity curve of the building. It is concluded that the scope of this research is developed to demonstrate structural performance and ductility by nonlinear static analysis using the Etabs program.

Structural analysis of the seismic demolition of the building of the University Hospital of the Technical University of Ambato, through vibration medicine.

Liliana Lopez Lopez — 2025-01-24

Two methods were used in this document, qualitative and quantitative, for the first, Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is performed according to FEMA 154, supported by the NEC 2015, where it was determined that the structure has a high degree of vulnerability to earthquakes due to a pathological problem of short column generating a very severe irregularity in elevation. On the other hand, for the quantitative method, the non-linear static analysis is performed by means of the Etabs software. With the information obtained on site, two models were carried out, the spectral modal analysis of which the linear behavior of the structure, vibration periods, basal shear and floor drifts were analyzed, as well as the non-linear static analysis the structure capacity curve for X and Y, the performance point of said structure was also determined. The analysis determined the most appropriate method for the local reinforcement of some beams and columns of the structure, being the metal encasing with angles and plates the most practical and economical, a method that considerably increases the capacity of the structural elements to withstand the forces applied on them. In this way, it was possible to give the necessary capacity to all the components of the structure without altering the excellent global behavior of the building, thus meeting the performance expected for the building.

Recovery of pre-Hispanic archaeological assets between state museums in Ecuador and the United States.

Nathaly Montes-Mera — 2025-01-24

Archaeological heritage can be understood as the set of material assets that can be studied. Its protection and care are something promoted by UNESCO through meetings and provisions related to obtaining uniformity in its conceptualization. The objective was to analyze the existing international agreements for the recovery of pre-Hispanic archaeological assets between state museums of Ecuador and the United States. The research is qualitative because the variables under study will be described, the inductive method was used, and the information will be collected from national and international virtual repositories. Regarding the results, it should be noted that in 2023 the repatriation of ancestral remains of bone origin to three indigenous communities settled in Manabí, Esmeraldas and Pichincha from the United States of America was carried out by the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian. While the conclusions allow us to indicate the need to universalize knowledge about the Manteñas Chairs of Cerro de Hojas Jaboncillo and which still remain in the Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC.

Deterministic seismic study for structures in the “Ciudadela Oriente” sector of Ambato city.

William Mise-Flores — 2025-01-24

The necessary methods to design an structure of a building with many stories, include in their parameters the calculus of seismic response spectrum, because this effects over the buildings depends of the variability of the peak ground acceleration (PGA), the height and some other variables inside it, for that, it’s possible to use a calculus method applied by the norm standards, o by deterministic methods which ones allows to calculate the response spectrum begging on an standard penetration test (SPT) and other mechanical soil studies; this can be replicated above several points around the stablished zone. From there, when the type and the height of the planning analyzed structures change, it can be considered the structural results as the calculated deterministic methods as the results obtained by the norm standards, once compared, can be identified the viability to applicate one or other method in the idealized structures.

Habitability in social housing. Case study.

Angie Guevara-Moreira — 2025-01-24

The living conditions of people in their homes should provide adequate, comfortable, safe and hygienic spaces, with basic services essential for the growth and development of a human being, a place in which family, neighborhood and community relations are humanistic. Throughout the years in Ecuador and around the world, houses have been built under the concept of “social interest”, whose objective is to provide a dignified and safe space for low-income and vulnerable people. In the city of Jipijapa there is a housing complex of social interest called “Casa para todos”, for which it is essential to know the level of habitability that the houses have, and thus determine whether the main objective of this project has been fulfilled. Thus, the objective is to analyze the levels of habitability in the social housing of the “Casa para Todos” project. This housing complex has 193 dwellings, of which 125 were studied by applying the habitability evaluation instrument proposed by the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Universidad Central de Caracas in Venezuela. As a final result of this research, the habitability index of the housing complex was obtained, which is 58.98 points, a value that is above the minimum of 50 points.

Hydraulic design of main and parcel networks of the sprinkler irrigation system in the Chaupiloma II - Píllaro sector

Ambar Yepez-Intriago — 2025-01-24

In this project a hydraulic system of a sprinkler irrigation system was designed for the community of Chaupilom II, for which information was collected, such as topographic survey, information from the Pisayambo weather station, types of crops, among others. The information collected was used to design the main network and the plot design. The IRRICAD V15 software was used for the design. In addition, simultaneously with this process, the design of the main network was carried out in AutoCad Civil 3D software. With the plot designs, the diameters of the pipes to be used, the number of sprinklers and the number of turns per plot were determined. On the other hand, it was possible to determine with the design of the main network the diameter of the main pipe taken from the existing reservoir tank in the area, the design of the demanding and the different accessories. The project was designed with an initial flow of 25.78 lt/s, knowing that the sector is divided into three branches, the data would be as follows: Branch 1 (7.65lt/s), Branch (9.46 lt/s) and Branch 3 (8.67 lt/s).

The Stone and its presence in the historical patrimony of Cojitambo – Cañar

Gabriela Calle-Gaón — 2025-01-24

This study addresses the use of stone as a material present in heritage buildings of civil and religious typology located in the province of Cañar related to Inca architecture, with particular interest in the analysis of the religious building known as “Iglesia de San Alfonso de Cojitambo” (Church of San Alfonso de Cojitambo). The main anomalies that generally affect constructions built with this lithic material are identified, as well as the factors that could cause possible natural and anthropic risks. In addition, a pathology survey of the building in question is recorded as a case study, which aims to provide data that will contribute to the generation of proposals aimed at the conservation, restoration and protection of tangible elements that make up this heritage asset.

Application of FEMA P-154 for the Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Buildings in the El Matal Sector, Jama.

Vania Estefanía Mora-Albán — 2025-01-24

The coastal area of El Matal, located in the Jama canton of Manabí Province, faces a high level of seismic risk due to its location in a tectonically active zone. Despite existing regulations and prior efforts to enhance structural resilience, many buildings still do not meet minimum safety standards, thereby increasing the vulnerability of local residents. Consequently, this research aimed to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of buildings in El Matal through the application of FEMA P-154, providing the basis for improved urban planning and seismic engineering measures. The methodology involved a risk assessment based on rapid visual inspections of 93 dwellings, selected using Cochran’s formula. The variables examined included structural typology, building age, and the presence of non-structural damage or geotechnical concerns. The findings indicate that while the majority of the buildings exhibit low or moderate seismic vulnerability, there is a significant subset of structures with serious irregularities and an elevated risk of failure in the event of a major earthquake. In conclusion, the study underscores the urgency of reinforcing older constructions and unreinforced masonry buildings, as well as revising and strengthening seismic codes. Key recommendations include community training initiatives and detailed geotechnical studies to enhance local resilience and support more effective planning.

Student Dropout Factors and Retention Strategies in Engineering and Technical University Degrees

Xavier Rubio-Tobar — 2025-01-24

Student dropout in higher education, particularly in engineering and technical fields, entails well-documented academic, social, and economic implications. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on 57 articles published between 2000 and 2024 from the Scopus database. The review identified factors associated with student attrition and documented strategies aimed at improving retention. Findings were organized into thematic clusters, highlighting the use of machine learning technologies to predict academic risk, the influence of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors on dropout rates, and the effectiveness of institutional policies in fostering retention. The literature indicates that variables such as prior academic performance, self-efficacy, and access to financial resources are key predictors of attrition. Educational analytics tools, such as deep learning algorithms, have demonstrated high accuracy in early identification of at-risk students; however, their implementation faces constraints in rural areas or settings with limited technological infrastructure. This analysis underscores the importance of integrated strategies that combine technological, pedagogical, and psychosocial approaches. While advanced technologies offer notable advantages, their effectiveness and sustainability depend on their adaptability to diverse contexts and the integration of human factors into predictive models.

The Analysis of the attitudes and knowledge in digital environments of the students of the Faculty of Engineering, Industry and Architecture - ULEAM

David Randy Espinal-Lino — 2025-01-24

This study investigates the attitudes and knowledge of students from the Faculty of Engineering, Industry, and Architecture at Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM) toward digital environments. This study employed a computerized survey incorporating the ACMI questionnaire (Attitudes and Knowledge in Computer Media), augmented with a Likert scale to assess the variables within the attitude dimension. Furthermore, open-ended questions were incorporated to stimulate discourse regarding the results. The research involved a sample of 303 students chosen from a population of 2,763 students enrolled in the faculty for the 2023-2 academic term. The assessment concentrated on three key dimensions: demographic information, attitudes toward digital environments, and degree of digital competencies. Students exhibit a positive disposition and understanding of digital media; yet, there exists an urgent need for continuous training to rectify existing shortcomings and guarantee adequate professional preparedness in anticipation of an era characterized by relentless technological advancement.

Quality of teaching in higher education for students of the Faculty of Engineering, Industry, and Architecture – ULEAM.

Amy Delgado-Saltos — 2025-01-24

The study examines educational quality from the students' perspective, focusing on aspects such as infrastructure, faculty, and labor market connection. The findings reveal a significant gap between students' expectations and perceptions, particularly in areas such as tangible elements, course requirements, academic office services, other services, teaching, and connection to the labor market. The results reveal a significant gap between students' expectations and perceptions, particularly in areas like infrastructure and labor market preparation. The study highlights the need to improve and maintain educational infrastructure, modernize technological resources, and strengthen links with the labor market to enhance teaching quality and student satisfaction. The research suggests that continuous attention to these areas is crucial to closing the gap between students' expectations and real experiences, thus contributing to better professional and academic training.